Rig Veda 2.9.1: Mandala 2, Sukta 9, Mantra 1

Sukta 2.9

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

नि होता होतृषदने विदानस्त्वेषो दीदिवाँ असदत्सुदक्षः । अदब्धव्रतप्रमतिर्वसिष्ठः सहस्रम्भरः शुचिजिह्वो अग्निः ॥

Transliteration

ní hotā́ hotṛ-sádane vidā́nas tveṣó dīdivā́ṃ asadat su-dákṣaḥ | adábdha-vrata-pramatír vásiṣṭhaḥ sahasráṃ-bharaḥ śúci-jihvo agníḥ ||

Translation

హోతా హోతృ-ఆసనంలో కూర్చున్నాడు; మార్గాన్ని తెలిసినవాడు, తేజస్సుతో దీప్తిమంతుడు, సుదక్షుడు. అదబ్ధవ్రతమూ నిశ్చిత ప్రమతియూ కలిగిన వసిష్ఠుడు—శుచిజిహ్వ అగ్ని, సహస్రసంపదలను మోసేవాడు—మాలో స్థాపితుడయ్యాడు.

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Word by Word

• नि: down; in; forth (as preverb)
• नि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि (upasarga) अथवा निः (avyaya)

• होता: the Hotṛ-priest (invoker)
• होता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ (√हु ‘to sacrifice, offer’ से कर्तरि-तृन्)

• होतृसदने: in the Hotṛ’s seat/assembly
• होतृसदने: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: होतृ + सदन (√सद् ‘to sit’ → सदन ‘seat, session’)

• विदानः: knowing; wise; finding (the rite)
• विदानः: Kartā (होता/अग्निः का विशेषण)
• Type: Participle (adjectival)
• Root: √विद् ‘to know, find’ (Vedic: perfect/participial formation)

• त्वेषः: fiery; vehement
• त्वेषः: Kartā (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्वेष (प्रातिपदिक ‘fiery, impetuous’)

• दीदिवान्: shining; radiant
• दीदिवान्: Kartā (विशेषण)
• Type: Participle (adjectival)
• Root: √दीद्/√दी ‘to shine’ (reduplicated perfect participle)

• असदत्: sat down; took his seat
• असदत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सद् ‘to sit, take seat’ (aorist)

• सुदक्षः: well-skilled; very capable
• सुदक्षः: Kartā (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु- + दक्ष (दक्ष ‘skilled, able’)

• अदब्धव्रतप्रमतिः: (he) whose resolve and forethought are unbeguiled; of unfailing vows
• अदब्धव्रतप्रमतिः: Kartā (अग्निः का विशेषण/नाम)
• Type: Noun (compound, bahuvrīhi/tatpuruṣa sense)
• Root: अ-दब्ध + व्रत + प्र-मतिः (√मन्/√मद्?; ‘मतिः’ = thought, resolve; ‘प्रमतिः’ = forethought/wise intent)

• वसिष्ठः: Vasiṣṭha (as epithet/name)
• वसिष्ठः: Kartā (अग्निः का विशेषण/नाम)
• Type: Noun (proper name/epithet)
• Root: वसिष्ठ (ऋषिनाम; ‘most excellent’ superlative formation)

• सहस्रम्भरः: bearing a thousand (gifts/strengths); thousand-bearing
• सहस्रम्भरः: Kartā (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: सहस्र + √भृ ‘to bear, carry’ (भर ‘bearing’)

• शुचिजिह्वः: with a pure tongue
• शुचिजिह्वः: Kartā (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: शुचि + जिह्वा (जिह्वा ‘tongue’)

• अग्निः: Agni (Fire-god)
• अग्निः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (देवता-नाम)