Rig Veda 10.18.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 18, Mantra 3

Sukta 10.18

Rishi: Same hymn complex RV 10.18; seer attribution as per Anukramaṇī traditions for 10.18 (funerary corpus).

Devata: Collective movement of the living under the auspice of Devahūti (invocation of the gods); Death is the background force being left behind.

Chandas: Triṣṭubh.

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

इमे जीवा वि मृतैराववृत्रन्नभूद्भद्रा देवहूतिर्नो अद्य । प्राञ्चो अगाम नृतये हसाय द्राघीय आयुः प्रतरं दधानाः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.18.3

Transliteration

imé jīvā́ ví mṛtáir ā́vavṛtran abhū́d bhadrā́ deváhūtīr no adyá | prā́ñco agāma nṛtáye hásāya drā́ghīya ā́yuḥ prataráṃ dádhānāḥ ||

Translation

ఈ జీవులు మృతుల నుండి విడివడి తొలగిపోయారు; నేడు మా దేవహూతి (దేవులను పిలుపు) శుభమైంది. మేము ముందుకు సాగుతున్నాము—నృత్యానికీ హర్షానికీ—దీర్ఘాయువును, మరింత అగ్రగామి గమనాన్ని ధరించి.

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Word by Word

• इमे: these
• इमे: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• जीवाः: living (ones)
• जीवाः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: जीव (prātipadika)

• वि: apart, away
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: वि (upasarga/avyaya)

• मृतैः: from/with the dead
• मृतैः: अपादान (separation) / सहार्थे तृतीया
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: मृत (PPP of √मृ ‘to die’)

• आ: towards, hither
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: आ (upasarga/avyaya)

• ववृत्रन्: have turned away/kept apart
• ववृत्रन्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृत् (वृणोति/वर्तते; here: ‘to turn/choose/keep away’), with आ-वि-

• अभूत्: has become/was
• अभूत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू

• भद्रा: auspicious
• भद्रा: विशेषणम् (of देवहूतिः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भद्र (prātipadika)

• देवहूतिः: the god-invocation
• देवहूतिः: कर्तृ (of अभूत्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवहूति (prātipadika; ‘invocation/call to the gods’)

• नः: of us/our
• नः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (enclitic pronoun)

• अद्य: today, now
• अद्य: अधिकरण (time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (avyaya)

• प्राञ्चः: facing forward
• प्राञ्चः: कर्तृ (of अगाम)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: प्राञ्च् (prātipadika; ‘turned forward/eastward’)

• अगाम: we went
• अगाम: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम्

• नृतये: for dancing
• नृतये: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृति (prātipadika; ‘dance’)

• हसाय: for laughter/mirth
• हसाय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: हस (prātipadika; ‘laughter/mirth’)

• द्राघीय: longer
• द्राघीय: कर्म (with दधानाः: ‘bearing/placing’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्राघीयस् (comparative prātipadika from द्राघ ‘long’)

• आयुः: life, lifespan
• आयुः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: आयुस् (prātipadika)

• प्रतरम्: further on, more forward/earlier
• प्रतरम्: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Adverb (comparative)
• Root: प्रतर (comparative adverbial/adj. from प्र ‘forward/earlier’)

• दधानाः: bearing, placing (upon ourselves)
• दधानाः: कर्तृ (of implied action ‘bearing/placing’)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √धा (present participle, Ātmanepada)