Valmiki Ramayana 5.48.52 — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 48, Shloka 52

इन्द्रजित्प्रेषणम्—ब्रह्मास्त्रबन्धः, हनूमद्ग्रहणं, रावणसभाप्रवेशः

Indrajit’s Deployment—Brahmāstra Binding, Hanuman’s Capture, Entry into Ravana’s Court

Devanagari script

हन्यमानस्ततः क्रूरै राक्षसैः काष्ठमुष्टिभिः।समीपं राक्षसेन्द्रस्य प्राकृष्यत स वानरः।।।।

Transliteration

hanyamānas tataḥ krūrai rākṣasaiḥ kāṣṭha-muṣṭibhiḥ |

samīpaṃ rākṣasendrasya prākṛṣyata sa vānaraḥ ||

Translation

అప్పుడు క్రూర రాక్షసులు కర్రలతోను ముష్టులతోను కొడుతూ, ఆ వానరుణ్ని లాగుతూ రాక్షసేంద్రుని సమీపానికి తీసుకువచ్చారు॥

Word by Word

• hanyamānaḥ: being beaten
• hanyamānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: han (धातु)
• Form: शानच्-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकाले कर्मणि कृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘being struck’

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय, temporal adverb

• krūraiḥ: by cruel (ones)
• krūraiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: krūra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; qualifies rākṣasaiḥ

• rākṣasaiḥ: by rakshasas
• rākṣasaiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• kāṣṭhamuṣṭibhiḥ: with sticks and fists
• kāṣṭhamuṣṭibhiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāṣṭha-muṣṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास (kāṣṭhaiḥ ca muṣṭibhiḥ ca), तृतीया, बहुवचन; instrument

• samīpam: near
• samīpam: Gati/Karma (गति/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samīpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; goal (to near-ness)

• rākṣasendrasya: of the demon-king
• rākṣasendrasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa-indra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास, पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन

• prākṛṣyata: was dragged
• prākṛṣyata: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-ā-kṛṣ (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• saḥ: that
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• vānaraḥ: monkey
• vānaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; apposition to saḥ

Context

The cruel ogres hit Hanuman with sticks and fists and dragged him to the presence of the demon lord.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• rākṣasas
• Rāvaṇa (rākṣasendra)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The contrast between adharma and dharma is sharp: the rākṣasas use cruel violence, while Hanumān’s dharmic strength is shown by controlled response and steadfast purpose.

What is the narrative situation?

Rākṣasas physically assault and drag Hanumān toward Rāvaṇa’s presence.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courage under suffering: Hanumān remains unbroken despite assault.