Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 35, Shloka 31

Devanagari script

तौ परिज्ञाततत्त्वार्थौ मया प्रीतिसमन्वितौ।पृष्ठमारोप्य तं देशं प्रापितौ पुरुषर्षभौ।।।।

Transliteration

tau parijñātatattvārthau mayā prītisamanvitau |

pṛṣṭham āropya taṃ deśaṃ prāpitau puruṣarṣabhau ||5.35.31||

Translation

వారి నిజమైన మహత్తును గ్రహించి, ఆనందంతో నిండిన నేను, ఆ ఇద్దరు పురుషశ్రేష్ఠులను నా వీపుపై ఎక్కించుకొని ఆ ప్రాంతానికి చేర్చాను।

Word by Word

• tau: those two
• tau: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), द्विवचन (Dual)

• parijñāta-tattva-arthau: knowing the true import
• parijñāta-tattva-arthau: Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pari + √jñā (ज्ञा) (धातु-कृदन्त) + tattva (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः तत्पुरुष (तत्त्वस्य अर्थः) + तत्पुरुष (तत्त्वार्थं परिज्ञातः), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), द्विवचन (Dual)

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Karana/Kartr (करण/कर्तृ; agent/instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular)

• prīti-samanvitau: endowed with affection/joy
• prīti-samanvitau: Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prīti (प्रातिपदिक) + samanvita (sam + anu + √i, इ) (धातु-कृदन्त)
• Form: समासः तत्पुरुष (प्रीत्या समन्वितः), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), द्विवचन (Dual)

• pṛṣṭham: (on my) back
• pṛṣṭham: Karma (कर्म/Object of placing)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pṛṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• āropya: having placed (them)
• āropya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā + √ruh (रुह्) (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव; 'having placed/caused to mount'

• tam: that
• tam: Karma-anvaya (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• deśam: place/region
• deśam: Karma (कर्म/Object; destination)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• prāpitau: were brought (made to reach)
• prāpitau: Karta (कर्ता; predicate participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra + √āp (आप्) (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), द्विवचन (Dual); कर्मणि—'were caused to reach'

• puruṣarṣabhau: two bulls among men
• puruṣarṣabhau: Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa + ṛṣabha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (पुरुषाणाम् ऋषभौ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), द्विवचन (Dual); tau इति विशेषणम्

Context

"I recognised the true status of both the mighty men who were filled with joy, placed them on my back, and reached the mountain-top.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Sugrīva (implied destination)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma appears as wholehearted service once truth is recognized: right understanding should lead to right action in support of righteousness.

What is the narrative situation?

After discerning who the princes are, Hanumān respectfully carries them to meet Sugrīva.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sevā (service) rooted in discernment: Hanumān’s strength is guided by insight and goodwill.