Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 30, Shloka 42

हनुमता सीतासंवादोपायचिन्ता

Hanuman’s Deliberation on How to Address Sita

Devanagari script

इक्ष्वाकूणां वरिष्ठस्य रामस्य विदितात्मनः।।।।शुभानि धर्मयुक्तानि वचनानि समर्पयन्।श्रावयिष्यामि सर्वाणि मधुरां प्रब्रुवन् गिरम्।।।।श्रद्धास्यति यथाहीयं तथा सर्वं समादधे।

Transliteration

ikṣvākūṇāṃ variṣṭhasya rāmasya viditātmanaḥ |

śubhāni dharmayuktāni vacanāni samarpayan |

śrāvayiṣyāmi sarvāṇi madhurāṃ prabruvan giram |

śraddhāsyati yathā hīyaṃ tathā sarvaṃ samādadhe ||

Translation

ఇక్ష్వాకువంశంలో శ్రేష్ఠుడు, ఆత్మజ్ఞుడైన రాముని శుభమయమైన ధర్మయుక్త వచనాలను ఆమెకు సమర్పించి, మధుర స్వరంతో అన్నిటినీ వినిపిస్తాను; ఆమె నన్ను నమ్మేలా అన్నీ యథాతథంగా తెలియజేస్తాను।

Word by Word

• ikṣvākūṇām: of the Ikṣvāku (dynasty)
• ikṣvākūṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ikṣvāku (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• variṣṭhasya: of the most excellent
• variṣṭhasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: variṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक; superlative of vṛddha/vara)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); superlative (तमप्)

• rāmasya: of Rama
• rāmasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• viditātmanaḥ: of the self-realized (knower of the Self)
• viditātmanaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vidita (कृदन्त; √vid ज्ञाने, क्त) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘viditaḥ ātmā yasya’ (one whose self is known)

• śubhāni: auspicious
• śubhāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śubha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• dharmayuktāni: connected with dharma
• dharmayuktāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक) + yukta (कृदन्त; √yuj योगे, क्त)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); तत्पुरुष: ‘dharmeṇa yuktāni’ (endowed with righteousness)

• vacanāni: words/sayings
• vacanāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vacana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• samarpayan: offering/presenting
• samarpayan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-√arp (अर्पणे) (धातु)
• Form: Present active participle (वर्तमान कृदन्त/शतृ), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• śrāvayiṣyāmi: I will make (her) listen
• śrāvayiṣyāmi: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śrāva- (णिजन्त of √śru श्रवणे) (धातु)
• Form: Causative (णिजन्त), Simple Future (लृट्), Uttama-puruṣa (1st person/उत्तम), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada

• sarvāṇi: all
• sarvāṇi: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• madhurām: sweet
• madhurām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: madhura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• prabruvan: uttering/speaking forth
• prabruvan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√brū (ब्रूञ् वचने) (धातु)
• Form: Present active participle (वर्तमान कृदन्त/शतृ), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• giram: speech/utterance
• giram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gir (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• śraddhāsyati: (she) will trust
• śraddhāsyati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śraddhā (श्रद्धा/श्रद्धा-धातु; विश्वासे) (धातु)
• Form: Simple Future (लृट्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथम), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada

• yathā: as/just as
• yathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/relative adverb (सम्बन्धबोधक-अव्यय): ‘as/just as’

• iyam: this (woman; she)
• iyam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); pronoun (सर्वनाम)

• tathā: so/thus
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय): ‘so/thus’

• sarvam: everything
• sarvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• samādadhe: I present/arrange (it)
• samādadhe: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ā-√dhā (धाने) (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Uttama-puruṣa (1st person/उत्तम), Singular (एकवचन), Ātmanepada; sense: ‘I shall set forth/arrange/present’ (contextual)

Context

"The moon-faced Sita had never experienced sorrow before. She sees no end to her sorrow and suffering. I will console her.

Characters & Entities

• Ikṣvāku dynasty
• Rāma
• Sītā (implied as intended recipient)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Speech itself must be dharma-yukta: truthful, auspicious, and appropriately delivered. Hanumān aims to communicate Rāma’s message in a way that is both ethically sound (satya) and emotionally healing.

What is the narrative situation?

Having decided to approach Sītā, Hanumān plans how to speak: he will praise and describe Rāma with words aligned to dharma and in a sweet tone so Sītā will trust him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vāk-saṃyama and upāya-kauśalya (disciplined, skillful speech): Hanumān combines truth with gentle delivery to build trust.