Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 3, Shloka 48

लङ्काप्रवेशः

Hanuman Enters Lanka and Encounters Laṅkā-devatā

Devanagari script

स हि मे समयः सौम्य प्राप्तोऽद्य तव दर्शनात्।।।।स्वयंभू विहितः सत्यो न तस्यास्ति व्यतिक्रमः।

Transliteration

sa hi me samayaḥ saumya prāpto 'dya tava darśanāt | svayaṃbhū-vihitaḥ satyo na tasyāsti vyatikramaḥ ||

Translation

హే సౌమ్యా, నీ దర్శనమువలన నేడు నాకు ఆ సమయమే వచ్చెను. స్వయంభూ విధించినది సత్యమే; దానికి వ్యతిక్రమం లేదు.

Word by Word

• saḥ: that
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Ekavacana; demonstrative

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, particle (निपात)

• me: my/of me
• me: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī Ekavacana; genitive

• samayaḥ: time/occasion
• samayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Ekavacana

• saumya: O gentle one
• saumya: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saumya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Sambodhana Ekavacana

• prāptaḥ: has arrived
• prāptaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√āp (धातु)
• Form: Kta past participle from pra-√āp; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Ekavacana; agrees with samayaḥ

• adya: today
• adya: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb of time

• tava: your
• tava: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī Ekavacana; genitive

• darśanāt: from (your) appearance
• darśanāt: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: darśana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Pañcamī Ekavacana; ablative of cause

• svayaṃbhū: Svayambhū (Brahmā)
• svayaṃbhū: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svayaṃbhū (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Ekavacana; subject/appositive (Brahmā)

• vihitaḥ: ordained
• vihitaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-√dhā (धातु)
• Form: Kta past participle from vi-√dhā; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Ekavacana; predicate adjective (ordained)

• satyaḥ: true
• satyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: satya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Ekavacana; adjective ‘true’ qualifying (samayaḥ/vidhiḥ)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, negation particle

• tasya: of it
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga/Napuṃsaka, Ṣaṣṭhī Ekavacana; genitive ‘of it/of him’

• asti: is/exists
• asti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ, Prathama-puruṣa Ekavacana; parasmaipada

• vyatikramaḥ: transgression/deviation
• vyatikramaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyatikrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Ekavacana; subject of asti

Context

"O gentle one! the time ordained by Brahma has come today with your presence here. The truth revealed by Brahma, the self-born, cannot be proved otherwise.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Brahmā (Svayaṃbhū)
• Laṅkā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya is presented as inviolable: truth and moral order, once set in motion, reach their appointed fulfillment.

What is the narrative situation?

Laṅkā-devatā interprets Hanumān’s arrival as the exact sign that Brahmā’s earlier boon/prophecy has matured.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Acceptance of truth (satya-svīkāra) and surrender to rightful cosmic law rather than ego-driven resistance.