Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 10, Shloka 43

रावणान्तःपुरे शयनदर्शनम्

Hanumān Observes Rāvaṇa’s Inner Apartments and Sleeping Court

Devanagari script

भुजपार्श्वान्तरस्थेन कक्षगेन कृशोदरी।पणवेव सहानिन्द्या सुप्ता मदकृतश्रमा।।।।

Transliteration

bhujapārśvāntarasthena kakṣagena kṛśodarī |

paṇavena saha anindyā suptā madakṛtaśramā ||

Translation

మరొక నిర్దోషిణి, కృశకటియైన స్త్రీ మదమువల్ల కలిగిన శ్రమతో నిద్రించెను; ఆమె భుజము మరియు పార్శ్వముల మధ్య, కక్షలో నొక్కబడి పణవము (డోలు) ఉండెను।

Word by Word

• bhujapārśvāntarasthena: placed between arm and side
• bhujapārśvāntarasthena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhuja-pārśva-antara-stha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; instrumental qualifying kakṣagena; tatpuruṣa chain: 'between arm and side' + 'placed'

• kakṣagena: with (something) held in the armpit
• kakṣagena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kakṣaga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana

• kṛśodarī: slender-waisted woman
• kṛśodarī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṛśa-udarī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; bahuvrīhi: 'kṛśaṃ udaraṃ yasyāḥ sā'

• paṇavena: with a tabor (paṇava)
• paṇavena: Sahakāraka/Karaṇa (सहकारक/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paṇava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana

• iva: as if/like
• iva: Upamā-dyotaka (उपमाद्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Upamā-avyaya

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: Sahārtha-avyaya

• anindyā: blameless
• anindyā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anindya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• suptā: asleep
• suptā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √svap + kta (धातु-कृदन्त)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• madakṛtaśramā: wearied by intoxication
• madakṛtaśramā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mada-kṛta-śrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: 'madena kṛtaḥ śramaḥ yasyāḥ' (fatigue caused by intoxication)

Context

Another lady of slender belly, who had been exhausted by drunkeness was lying with a tabor pressed to her bosom and inserted in her arm-pit.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān (implied observer)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is suggested through contrast: indulgence leads to fatigue and loss of control, while the dharmic path values clarity and self-governance—qualities Hanumān preserves.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān observes another sleeping woman still holding her tabor, indicating the aftermath of nighttime celebration.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Composure and ethical caution (saṃyama, apramāda) in Hanumān’s reconnaissance.