Shloka 15

Devanagari script

कौसल्या चैव राजा च तथैव जननी मम।नाशंसे यदि जीवेयुस्सर्वे ते शर्वरीमिमाम्।।।।

Transliteration

kausalyā caiva rājā ca tathaiva jananī mama | nāśaṃse yadi jīveyuḥ sarve te śarvarīm imām ||

Translation

రాజు, కౌసల్య, నా జనని—మరియు మిగిలినవారందరూ—ఈ రాత్రిని దాటీ జీవిస్తారని నాకు అనిపించదు।

Word by Word

• कौसल्या: Kausalya
• कौसल्या: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौसल्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-निपात (and)

• एव: even
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-निपात (even/indeed)

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-निपात (and)

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Prakara (प्रकार/Manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (so/in the same way)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-निपात (indeed)

• जननी: mother
• जननी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जननी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• मम: my
• मम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, षष्ठी (6th case), एकवचन (genitive)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• आशंसे: I expect/hope
• आशंसे: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + शंस् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• यदि: if
• यदि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Condition)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)
• Form: शर्त-निपात (if)

• जीवेयुः: they might live/be alive
• जीवेयुः: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जीव् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta (कर्ता/Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying ते)

• ते: they/those
• ते: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• शर्वरीम्: night
• शर्वरीम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर्वरी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन

• इमाम्: this
• इमाम्: Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन; सर्वनाम-विशेषण (qualifying शर्वरीम्)

Context

I doubt whether the king, Kausalya and my mother Sumitra and the rest of them will outlive this night.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Kausalyā
• Sumitrā
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Guha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma recognizes the weight of relational bonds: Lakṣmaṇa’s fear shows how a ruler’s decisions echo through family and society, making ethical governance crucial.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa, overwhelmed, expresses to Guha his dread that the elders in Ayodhyā may not endure the immediate shock of separation.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Filial concern—Lakṣmaṇa’s loyalty extends beyond Rāma to the well-being of parents and elders.