Shloka 42

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya—Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Devanagari script

मास्म धर्मे मनो भूयादधर्मं स निषेवताम्।अपात्रवर्षी भवतु यस्यार्योऽनुमते गतः।।।।

Transliteration

mā sma dharme mano bhūyād adharmaṃ sa niṣevatām | apātra-varṣī bhavatu yasyāryo 'numate gataḥ ||

Translation

య whose అనుమతితో నా ఆర్య సహోదరుడు నిర్వాసితుడయ్యాడో, అతని మనస్సు ధర్మంలో ఎప్పటికీ నిలవకూడదు; అతడు అధర్మాన్ని ఆశ్రయించుగాక, అపాత్రులపై దానాన్ని వృథాగా వర్షించుగాక।

Word by Word

• mā: do not
• mā: Nishedha (निषेधः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: mā (अव्यय)
• Form: Prohibitive particle (निषेधार्थक निपातः) used with optative/imperative

• sma: indeed (in prohibition)
• sma: Nishedha (निषेधः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sma (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (निपातः) with prohibition

• dharme: in righteousness
• dharme: Adhikarana (अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• manaḥ: mind
• manaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhūyāt: should remain
• bhūyāt: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपदम); with mā: 'should not be/remain'

• adharmam: unrighteousness
• adharmam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• niṣevatām: let him practice
• niṣevatām: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni+sev (धातु)
• Form: Imperative (लोट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपदम); 'let him practice/indulge in'

• apātra-varṣī: one who gives charity to the unworthy
• apātra-varṣī: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-pātra (प्रातिपदिक) + varṣin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: 'one who rains (gives) upon the unworthy' i.e., gives to unfit recipients

• bhavatu: let him be
• bhavatu: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Imperative (लोट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपदम)

• yasya: whose
• yasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• āryaḥ: the noble one
• āryaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• anumate: with approval
• anumate: Hetu (हेतुः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu+man (धातु)
• Form: Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन) of 'anumata' (कृत्: क्त) used adverbially: 'with consent'

• gataḥ: gone (exiled)
• gataḥ: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: Past active participle (कृत्: क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

May the mind of that man who counselled the exile of my esteemed brother not be established in virtue! May he practise unrighteousness and confer charity on the unworthy!

Characters & Entities

• Rama (āryaḥ, implied)
• Bharata (speaker, implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma requires inner alignment (a mind established in virtue) and right discernment in action; charity without worthiness/fitness (apātra-dāna) is portrayed as moral disorder.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata’s grief turns into denunciation of the agent whose approval enabled Rama’s exile.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moral discernment: the verse highlights that even ‘good’ acts like giving can become adharma if done without righteousness and discrimination.