Shloka 8

Exposition of the Duties of Ascetics

Saṃnyāsa-Dharma

Devanagari script

यस्त्वग्निमात्मसाकृत्वा ब्रह्मार्पणपरो द्विजः । ज्ञेयः स कर्मसंन्यासी महायज्ञपरायणः

Transliteration

yastvagnimātmasākṛtvā brahmārpaṇaparo dvijaḥ | jñeyaḥ sa karmasaṃnyāsī mahāyajñaparāyaṇaḥ

Translation

యే ద్విజుడు అగ్నిని తన ఆత్మగా భావించి, బ్రహ్మార్పణంలో పరుడై ఉంటాడో, అతడిని కర్మసంన్యాసి అని తెలుసుకో; అతడు మహాయజ్ఞపరాయణుడు.

Word by Word

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचकः

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विरोध/विशेषार्थक निपात (but/indeed)

• अग्निम्: fire (sacrificial fire)
• अग्निम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• आत्मसात्: as one’s own; into oneself
• आत्मसात्: Upapada (उपपद/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आत्मसात् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; भावे क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: ‘as one’s own/into oneself’)

• कृत्वा: having made
• कृत्वा: Kriya (क्रिया/Non-finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) → कृत्वा (क्त्वान्त)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive); पूर्वक्रिया

• ब्रह्मार्पणपरः: devoted to offering to Brahman
• ब्रह्मार्पणपरः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ब्रह्मार्पण + पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (सप्तमी/विषय: ‘ब्रह्मार्पणे परः’ = devoted to offering to Brahman); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

• द्विजः: a twice-born (brahmin)
• द्विजः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ज्ञेयः: is to be known (as)
• ज्ञेयः: Karta (कर्ता/Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु) → ज्ञेय (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भाव्य/विधेयार्थक कृदन्त (तव्यत्/यत्: ‘to be known’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेयविशेषण

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; निर्देशार्थक सर्वनाम

• कर्मसंन्यासी: a renunciant of action (karma-sannyāsin)
• कर्मसंन्यासी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्म + संन्यासी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी: ‘कर्मणः संन्यासी’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• महायज्ञपरायणः: wholly devoted to the great sacrifice
• महायज्ञपरायणः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महायज्ञ + परायण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (सप्तमी/विषय: ‘महायज्ञे परायणः’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

Speaker

Unspecified (narrative voice not indicated in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: यस्त्वग्निमात्मसाकृत्वा = यः + तु + अग्निम् + आत्मसात् + कृत्वा; ब्रह्मार्पणपरो = ब्रह्मार्पणपरः.

Characters & Entities

• Brahman
• Agni

FAQs

What does it mean to ‘make Agni the Self’ in this verse?

It indicates internalizing the sacrificial fire—treating yajña as an inner discipline where the sense of doership is offered into the Self/Brahman rather than merely performing an external ritual.

How can someone be a ‘renouncer of actions’ while still associated with sacrifice?

The verse defines renunciation as giving up attachment and egoic ownership of actions; the acts may continue, but they are offered to Brahman (brahmārpaṇa), making them non-binding.

What is the ethical lesson emphasized here?

Perform duties with consecrated intent—offer results and ownership to the highest principle (Brahman). This transforms action into worship and reduces ego, greed, and harm.