Shloka 13

Adhyaya 78 — Hymn to Surya and the Distribution of Solar Splendour; Genealogy of Vaivasvata and Chaya’s Line

Sanskrit

यतः साममयश्चैव ततो नाथ ! त्रयीमयः ।

त्वमेव ब्रह्मणो रूपं परञ्चापरमेव च ॥

Transliteration

yataḥ sāma-mayaś caiva tato nātha! trayī-mayaḥ | tvam eva brahmaṇo rūpaṃ paraṃ cāparaṃ eva ca ||

Translation

నీవు సామస్వరూపమునూ గనుక, హే ప్రభో, నీవే త్రయీ (మూడు వేదములు) యొక్క సాక్షాత్ మూర్తి. నీవే బ్రహ్మస్వరూపము—పరమమూ, అపరమూ (అంతర్యామి) రెండూ.

Word by Word

• यतः: from which / because
• यतः: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यतः (अव्यय)
• Form: हेतौ/यत्-प्रत्ययान्त-अव्यय (relative adverb: ‘from which/wherefrom/therefore’)

• साम-मयः: consisting of Sāmaveda
• साम-मयः: Pradhana-predicative (विशेष्य-विशेषण/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सामन् (प्रातिपदिक) + मय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (constitutive): ‘सामन्’ + ‘मय’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-निपात

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय

• ततः: therefore / from that
• ततः: Hetu/Anvaya (हेतु/अन्वय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: तद्-प्रत्ययान्त-अव्यय (correlative adverb: ‘therefore/from that’)

• नाथ: O Lord
• नाथ: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• त्रयी-मयः: consisting of the Vedic triad
• त्रयी-मयः: Pradhana-predicative (विशेष्य-विशेषण/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रयी (प्रातिपदिक) + मय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (constitutive): ‘त्रयी’ (three Vedas) + ‘मय’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय

• ब्रह्मणः: of Brahman / of the Absolute
• ब्रह्मणः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (also used as masc in sense ‘Brahmā’; here neuter ‘brahman’), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/षष्ठी), एकवचन

• रूपम्: form / manifestation
• रूपम्: Pratijna/Predicate (विशेष्य-भाव)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; here predicate nominative

• परम्: supreme
• परम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (to रूपम्)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-निपात

• अपरम्: non-supreme / lower
• अपरम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (to रूपम्)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-निपात

Speakers

• Devas and Devarṣis (collective praise) within Markandeya’s narration

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhakti", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Devi (Supreme Goddess)

Shakti Aspects

• Devi as Brahman (para-apara)
• Trayī

Key Themes

• Shaktism
• Vedanta-like para/apara Brahman
• Mantra and revelation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The divine is affirmed as both beyond the world and present within it. Ethically, this supports reverence toward the world and dharma (as the immanent divine order) while still seeking the transcendent goal.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Falls under Carita (praise within divine narrative) with metaphysical teaching that touches Sarga (principles of manifestation from the absolute).

What is the esoteric significance?

Para/apara indicates two modes of realization: nirguṇa (unconditioned) and saguṇa (conditioned). The hymn integrates both, presenting Devi as the single ground of mantra, cosmos, and liberation.