Shloka 43

Adhyaya 48 — The Emanation of Beings from Brahma: Night, Day, Twilight, and the Orders of Creation

Sanskrit

ऋषीणां नामधेयानि याश्च देवेषु सृष्टयः ।

शर्वर्यन्ते प्रसूतानामन्येषाञ्च ददाति सः ॥

Transliteration

ṛṣīṇāṃ nāmadheyāni yāś ca deveṣu sṛṣṭayaḥ / śarvaryante prasūtānām anyeṣāṃ ca dadāti saḥ

Translation

ఆయన ఋషుల పేర్లను నియమిస్తాడు, దేవులలో నానావిధ సృష్టులను కూడా నియోజిస్తాడు; అలాగే ‘శర్వరీ’ వంశంలో పుట్టినవారికీ ఇతరులకీ నామ-స్థానాదులను ప్రసాదిస్తాడు।

Word by Word

• ṛṣīṇām: of the sages
• ṛṣīṇām: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• nāma-dheyāni: names/appellations
• nāma-dheyāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāman (प्रातिपदिक) + dheya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) = name-appellations

• yāḥ: which
• yāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• deveṣu: among the gods
• deveṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• sṛṣṭayaḥ: creations/emanations
• sṛṣṭayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sṛṣṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• śarvary-ante: at the end of the night
• śarvary-ante: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śarvarī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); ‘ante’ = anta (प्रातिपदिक) Locative singular used as postposition-like element

• prasūtānām: of those born/produced
• prasūtānām: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prasūta (प्रातिपदिक; past passive participle from √sū)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुंसक), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• anyeṣām: of others
• anyeṣām: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुंसक), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• dadāti: gives
• dadāti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dā (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• Narrative voice within the cosmology account (contextually Markandeya speaking in the broader dialogue)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Brahmā
• Ṛṣis
• Devas

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Sarga (creation)
• Naming as ordering principle
• Genealogical classification

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

To name is to place within cosmic order. The rishis and divine classes are not merely born but ‘recognized’ through designation, implying that identity and function are conferred within a sacred taxonomy.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sarga: differentiation of classes (ṛṣis, devas, other groups) and assignment of their designations, supporting the ordered unfolding of creation.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Naming’ functions like a subtle seal (saṅjñā) that fixes a being’s role in ṛta/dharma. The mention of a specific class-term (Śarvarī) signals that creation proceeds through patterned lineages and recurring templates.