Shloka 18

Adhyaya 20 — Ritadhvaja’s Companionship with the Naga Princes and the Origin of the Horse Kuvalaya

Sanskrit

जड उवाच इति पित्रा स्वयं पृष्टौ प्रणिपत्य कृताञ्जली ।

प्रत्यூचतुर्महाभागावुरगाधिपतेः सुतौ ॥

Transliteration

jaḍa uvāca iti pitrā svayaṃ pṛṣṭau praṇipatya kṛtāñjalī |

pratyūcatur mahābhāgāv uragādhipateḥ sutau ||

Translation

జడుడు అన్నాడు—తండ్రి స్వయంగా వారిని అడిగినప్పుడు, నాగాధిపతి యొక్క ఆ ఇద్దరు మహాతేజస్సు గల కుమారులు అంజలి ఘటించి నమస్కరించి ప్రత్యుత్తరం పలికారు।

Word by Word

• jaḍaḥ: Jaḍa (name)
• jaḍaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jaḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha/Quotation marker (सम्बन्ध/उद्धरणचिह्न)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (इति-प्रयोगः), Indeclinable (अव्यय)

• pitrā: by the father
• pitrā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)

• svayam: personally
• svayam: Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: svayam (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण), Indeclinable (अव्यय)

• pṛṣṭau: (the two) asked
• pṛṣṭau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pṛcch (धातु)
• Form: Past Passive Participle (क्त/कृत्), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Dual (द्विवचन)

• praṇipatya: having bowed down
• praṇipatya: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pra-√nam (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), Indeclinable (अव्यय)

• kṛta-añjalī: with hands joined (in reverence)
• kṛta-añjalī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta (कृ धातु, क्त) + añjali (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa compound (तत्पुरुष): ‘kṛtaḥ añjaliḥ’ (made the añjali); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Dual (द्विवचन)

• pratyūcatuḥ: replied (the two)
• pratyūcatuḥ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: prati-√vac (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Dual (द्विवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• mahābhāgau: the two noble ones
• mahābhāgau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā-bhāga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya compound (कर्मधारय): ‘mahān bhāgaḥ’ (great fortune/nobility); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Dual (द्विवचन)

• uraga-adhipateḥ: of the lord of serpents
• uraga-adhipateḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: uraga (प्रातिपदिक) + adhipati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa compound (तत्पुरुष): ‘uragāṇām adhipatiḥ’ (lord of serpents); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन)

• sutau: the two sons
• sutau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Dual (द्विवचन)

Speakers

• Jaḍa (narrator within the episode) introduces the nāga-sons’ speech

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dialogue structure
• Respect to parents/elders
• Nāga genealogy (sons of uragādhipati)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Even when explaining personal attachments, the sons begin with vinaya (humility): praṇipāta and añjali mark the dhārmic protocol of speech toward elders.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

It is part of an instructional narrative; not directly sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita, though it lightly touches vaṃśa by identifying lineage (uragādhipati-sutau).

What is the esoteric significance?

The bodily gesture (añjali) symbolizes the inward ‘joining’ of scattered attention; humility becomes a yogic precondition for truthful exposition.