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Shloka 21

अध्याय ३० — क्रोधदोषाः क्षमाप्रशंसा च

Defects of Anger and the Praise of Forbearance

इस विषयमें लोग इस प्राचीन इतिहासका उदाहरण देते हैं, जिसमें यह कहा गया है कि सब लोग ईश्वरके वशमें हैं, कोई भी स्वाधीन नहीं है

asmin viṣaye lokāḥ imaṃ prācīnam itihāsam udāharaṇam vadanti, yatra uktam—sarve lokā īśvarasya vaśe vartante; kaścid api svatantraḥ na asti.

యుధిష్ఠిరుడు అన్నాడు—“ఈ విషయమై ప్రజలు ఒక ప్రాచీన ఇతిహాస ఉదాహరణను చెబుతారు. అందులో—సర్వ ప్రాణులు ఈశ్వరాధీనులు; ఎవ్వరూ నిజంగా స్వతంత్రులు కారు—అని ప్రకటించబడింది.”

अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
विषयेmatter/topic
विषये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविषय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
लोकाःpeople
लोकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अस्यof this
अस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
प्राचीनस्यancient
प्राचीनस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राचीन
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
इतिहासस्यhistory/legend
इतिहासस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootइतिहास
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
उदाहरणम्example
उदाहरणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउदाहरण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ददतिgive/cite
ददति:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
यस्मिन्in which
यस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
उच्यतेis said
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive
यत्that (introducing clause)
यत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद्
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकाःpeople
लोकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ईश्वरस्यof the Lord
ईश्वरस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootईश्वर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वशेunder control/power
वशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सन्तिare
सन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कश्चित्anyone
कश्चित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वाधीनःindependent
स्वाधीनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वाधीन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
Ī
Īśvara

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes divine sovereignty: all beings operate under the Lord’s governance, so human autonomy is limited. Ethically, it encourages humility, restraint in blame, and reflection on duty (dharma) within a larger cosmic order.

Yudhiṣṭhira introduces a traditional precedent—an ‘ancient itihāsa’—to support his point. He frames the discussion by appealing to commonly cited authoritative stories that teach that no one acts in complete independence from the divine will.