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Shloka 51

Ajñātavāsa-saṅkalpaḥ — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Resolve and Dhaumya’s Exempla on Concealment

यम उवाच यथा यथा भाषसि धर्मसंहितं मनोअ<नुकूलं सुपद॑ महार्थवत्‌ | तथा तथा मे त्वयि भक्तिरुत्तमा वरं वृणीष्वाप्रतिमं पतिव्रते,यमराज बोले--पतिव्रते! जैसे-जैसे तू गम्भीर अर्थसे युक्त और सुन्दर पदोंसे विभूषित, मनके अनुकूल धर्मसंगत बातें मुझे सुनाती जा रही है, वैसे-ही-वैसे तेरे प्रति मेरी उत्तम भक्ति बढ़ती जाती है; अतः तू मुझसे कोई अनुपम वर माँग ले

yama uvāca | yathā yathā bhāṣasi dharma-saṃhitaṃ mano'nukūlaṃ supadaṃ mahārthavat | tathā tathā me tvayi bhaktir uttamā varaṃ vṛṇīṣvāpratimaṃ pativrate ||

యముడు పలికాడు—పతివ్రతా! నీవు ధర్మసమ్మతంగా, మనసుకు హితంగా, చక్కని పదాలతో అలంకరించి, గంభీరార్థంతో కూడిన మాటలు ఎంతెంతగా పలుకుతున్నావో, అంతంతగా నీపై నా ఉత్తమ అనురాగం పెరుగుతోంది. కాబట్టి నన్ను నుండి ఒక అపూర్వ వరం కోరుకో.

यमःYama
यमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यथाas / in whatever manner
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
यथाso / likewise (correlative)
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
भाषसिyou speak
भाषसि:
TypeVerb
Rootभाष्
FormPresent, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्मसंहितम्in accordance with dharma / dharma-consistent
धर्मसंहितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मसंहित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मनःmind
मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अनुकूलम्agreeable / pleasing
अनुकूलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुकूल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सुपदम्well-worded / with good words
सुपदम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसुपद
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
महार्थवत्having great meaning / very significant
महार्थवत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहार्थवत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाso / thus
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
तथाin the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
त्वयिin/for you
त्वयि:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormLocative, Singular
भक्तिःdevotion
भक्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभक्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उत्तमाexcellent / highest
उत्तमा:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वरम्a boon
वरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वृणीष्वchoose (for yourself)
वृणीष्व:
TypeVerb
Rootवृ
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular, Atmanepada
अप्रतिमम्unmatched / incomparable
अप्रतिमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रतिम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पतिव्रतेO devoted-to-husband woman
पतिव्रते:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपतिव्रता
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular

यम उवाच

Y
Yama
P
pativratā (the devoted wife addressed)

Educational Q&A

Speech grounded in dharma—truthful, meaningful, and well-expressed—has ethical power: it wins trust and evokes reverence even from a divine judge like Yama. The verse highlights that inner virtue expressed through disciplined speech can transform a situation and merit grace (a boon).

Yama addresses a pativratā woman and praises the way she has been speaking: her words are dharmic, pleasing, and profound. Moved by her conduct and speech, Yama’s devotion and goodwill toward her increase, and he invites her to ask for an incomparable boon.