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Shloka 2

Śaraṇāgata-Atithi-Dharma in the Kapota Narrative (कपोत-आख्यानम्—शरणागतधर्मः)

मर्यादासु विनष्टास क्षुभिते धर्मनिश्चये । राजशि: पीडिते लोके परैर्वापि विशाम्पते

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | maryādāsu vinaṣṭāsu kṣubhite dharma-niścaye | rājaṛṣiḥ pīḍite loke parair vāpi viśāmpate ||

యుధిష్ఠిరుడు అడిగెను—ప్రజానాథా! మర్యాదలు నశించి, ధర్మనిశ్చయం కలత చెందగా, ప్రజలు పీడింపబడినప్పుడు—అది రాజర్షి చేతనైనా, శత్రుపక్షాల చేతనైనా—హే ప్రజాపాలకా! అటువంటి అధమకాలంలో బ్రాహ్మణుడు ఏ జీవికతో జీవనాన్ని నిలుపుకోవాలి?

मर्यादासुin the boundaries/limits (social norms)
मर्यादासु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमर्यादा
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
विनष्टासुwhen (they are) destroyed
विनष्टासु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootविनष्ट (वि-नश्)
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
क्षुभितेwhen (it is) agitated/disturbed
क्षुभिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुभित (क्षुभ्)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
धर्मनिश्चयेin the determination/decision of dharma
धर्मनिश्चये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मनिश्चय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
राजर्षिःthe royal sage (king)
राजर्षिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजर्षि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पीडितेwhen (it is) afflicted/oppressed
पीडिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपीडित (पीड्)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
लोकेin the world/among the people
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
परैःby others / by enemies
परैः:
Karana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
विशाम्पतेO lord of the people
विशाम्पते:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootविशाम्पति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
R
rājaṛṣi (king-sage)
V
viśāmpati (lord of the people/king)
B
brāhmaṇa (implied by the question’s context)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical problem: when social norms collapse and dharma becomes uncertain, even the traditionally protected and duty-bound brāhmaṇa must ask what livelihood is permissible. It highlights that dharma is context-sensitive and that extreme disorder forces careful re-evaluation of right means of living.

In Śānti Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira questions a royal authority (addressed as ‘viśāmpati’) about governance and moral order. Here he describes a time of widespread oppression and confusion about dharma and asks what a brāhmaṇa should do to sustain life under such conditions.