Mahabharata 7.45.1 — Drona Parva, Adhyaya 45, Shloka 1

Droṇa-parva Adhyāya 45: Saubhadra–Lakṣmaṇa-saṃyoga and Kaurava Counter-Encirclement

Devanagari script

अपन क्रात बछ। हर: पजञज्चचत्वारिशो< ध्याय: हल ३8 के द्वारा सत्यश्रवा

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

ādadanastu śūrāṇām āyuṁṣyabhavad arjuniḥ |

antakaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ prāṇān kāla ivāgate ||

Translation

సంజయుడు పలికెను—రాజా! మరణకాలంలో కాలుడు (యముడు) సమస్త ప్రాణుల ప్రాణాలను ఎలా హరించునో, అట్లే అర్జునుని కుమారుడు అభిమన్యుడు వీరుల ఆయుష్షును హరించుచు వారికి మరణస్వరూపుడై నిలిచెను।

Word by Word

• संजयः: Sanjaya
• संजयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, Third, Singular

• आददानः: taking away, seizing
• आददानः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-दा
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)

• तु: indeed, but
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• शूराणाम्: of the heroes
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूर
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• आयूंषि: lifespans, lives
• आयूंषि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आयुस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• अभवत्: became
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Imperfect, Third, Singular

• अर्जुनिः: Arjuni (descendant of Arjuna; i.e., Abhimanyu)
• अर्जुनिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्जुनि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अन्तकः: Death, the ender
• अन्तकः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सर्वभूतानाम्: of all beings
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व-भूत
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• प्राणान्: life-breaths, lives
• प्राणान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्राण
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• कालः: Time (as Death)
• कालः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इव: like, as
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• आगते: when (he) has come; upon arrival
• आगते: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-गम्
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'rājan')
• Abhimanyu (as Arjuna’s son)
• Arjuna
• Kāla (Time/Death)
• Antaka/Yama (Death)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the inevitability of death in war: when Time arrives, life is taken without exception. Abhimanyu’s battlefield effectiveness is portrayed as an instrument of that inevitability, reminding the listener that martial glory is inseparable from mortality and the larger workings of fate (kāla).

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Abhimanyu is cutting down many warriors. His onslaught is compared to Death/Time itself, emphasizing the scale and unstoppable nature of his advance at this point in the battle.