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Shloka 31

द्रोणनिन्दाश्रवणं तथा सात्यकि–पार्षतविवादः

Hearing the reproach of Droṇa and the Sātyaki–Pārṣata dispute

तस्मिंस्तु निहते वीरे विराटो रथसत्तम: । आरुरोह रथं तूर्ण तमेव ध्वजमालिनम्‌

tasmiṁstu nihate vīre virāṭo rathasattamaḥ | ārurōha rathaṁ tūrṇaṁ tameva dhvajamālinam ||

ఆ వీరుడు హతుడైన వెంటనే రథయోధులలో శ్రేష్ఠుడైన విరాటుడు ధ్వజమాలలతో అలంకృతమైన అదే రథాన్ని వేగంగా అధిరోహించాడు।

तस्मिन्in that (one/that place/time)
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
निहतेwhen (he was) slain
निहते:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootनि-हन्
FormPast passive participle (kta), Masculine, Locative, Singular
वीरेin/when the hero
वीरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विराटःVirāṭa
विराटः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविराट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रथसत्तमःthe best of chariot-warriors
रथसत्तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootरथसत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आरुरोहmounted/ascended
आरुरोह:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-रुह्
FormPerfect (liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तूर्णम्quickly
तूर्णम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतूर्ण
तम्that (same)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
ध्वजमालिनम्adorned with banners/flags
ध्वजमालिनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootध्वजमालिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
V
Virāṭa
R
ratha (chariot)
D
dhvaja (banner/standard)

Educational Q&A

In a crisis, especially in war, dharma expresses itself as steadiness and responsible action: when a warrior falls, a capable leader promptly takes up the role so that protection, order, and purpose are maintained rather than giving way to panic or collapse.

After a certain heroic fighter is killed, Virāṭa quickly climbs onto that same bannered chariot—implying he assumes the fallen warrior’s position and continues the engagement without delay.