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Shloka 20

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

पाणिग्रहीता चान्य: स्यात्‌ कस्य भार्या पितामह | तत्त्वं जिज्ञासमानानां चक्षुर्भवतु नो भवान्‌,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--पितामह! यदि एक मनुष्यने विवाह पक्का करके कन्याका मूल्य दे दिया हो, दूसरेने मूल्य देनेका वादा करके विवाह पक्का किया हो, तीसरा उसी कन्याको बलपूर्वक ले जानेकी बात कर रहा हो, चौथा उसके भाई-बन्धुओंको विशेष धनका लोभ दिखाकर ब्याह करनेको तैयार हो और पाँचवाँ उसका पाणिग्रहण कर चुका हो तो धर्मतः उसकी कन्या किसकी पत्नी मानी जायगी? हमलोग इस विषयमें यथार्थ तत्त्वको जानना चाहते हैं। आप हमारे लिये नेत्र (पथ-प्रदर्शक) हों

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |

pāṇigrahītā cānyaḥ syāt kasya bhāryā pitāmaha |

tattvaṃ jijñāsamānānāṃ cakṣur bhavatu no bhavān ||

యుధిష్ఠిరుడు అన్నాడు—పితామహా! మరొకడు పాణిగ్రహణం కూడా చేసి ఉంటే, ధర్మప్రకారం ఆ కన్య ఎవరి భార్య? తత్త్వాన్ని తెలుసుకోవాలనుకునే మాకు మీరు కళ్లుగా ఉండండి.

पाणिग्रहीताone who has taken the hand (in marriage)
पाणिग्रहीता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाणिग्रहीतृ (पाणि + √ग्रह्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यःanother (man)
अन्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्would be / should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (भू/अस्)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कस्यof whom
कस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
भार्याwife
भार्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तत्त्वम्the truth / real principle
तत्त्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
जिज्ञासमानानाम्of those desiring to know
जिज्ञासमानानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootजिज्ञासमान (√ज्ञा, desiderative; present participle)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
चक्षुःeye (guide)
चक्षुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचक्षुस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भवतुlet (him) be / may (he) be
भवतु:
TypeVerb
Root√भू
FormImperative (Lot), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
नःof us / for us
नः:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Plural
भवान्you (honorific)
भवान्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

युधिष्ठिर (Yudhiṣṭhira)
पितामह—भीष्म (Pitāmaha—Bhīṣma)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-inquiry: when multiple competing claims arise—payment, promise, coercion, bribing relatives, and the completed hand-taking rite—one must determine legitimacy not by power or wealth but by the true legal-ethical principle (tattva) as explained by an authoritative elder.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction section, Yudhiṣṭhira asks Bhīṣma to adjudicate a complex marriage dispute involving several suitors with different kinds of claims, requesting clear guidance on whose wife the girl is considered according to dharma.