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Shloka 29

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

ब्राह्मणे कीदृशो धर्म: क्षत्रिये कीदृशो5भवत्‌ | वैश्ये किलक्षणो धर्म: शूद्रे किलक्षणो भवेत्‌

brāhmaṇe kīdṛśo dharmaḥ kṣatriye kīdṛśo 'bhavat | vaiśye ki-lakṣaṇo dharmaḥ śūdre ki-lakṣaṇo bhavet ||

బ్రాహ్మణునికి ధర్మ స్వరూపం ఏది? క్షత్రియునికి ఏది? వైశ్యునికి తగిన ధర్మం ఏ లక్షణాలతో తెలిసేది? శూద్రుని ధర్మం ఏ లక్షణాలతో గుర్తించబడేది?

ब्राह्मणेin/for a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कीदृशःof what kind
कीदृशः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकीदृश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma, duty
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियेin/for a Kshatriya
क्षत्रिये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कीदृशःof what kind
कीदृशः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकीदृश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभवत्was / became
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वैश्येin/for a Vaishya
वैश्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
किलक्षणःhaving what characteristics
किलक्षणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकिलक्षण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma, duty
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूद्रेin/for a Shudra
शूद्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
किलक्षणःhaving what characteristics
किलक्षणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकिलक्षण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्should be / may be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī Maheśvara (Śiva)
B
Brāhmaṇa
K
Kṣatriya
V
Vaiśya
Ś
Śūdra
D
Dharma

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a systematic inquiry into varṇadharma—how dharma is defined differently for Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, and Śūdra—by asking for the distinguishing characteristics (lakṣaṇas) of each.

Śrī Maheśvara speaks in a didactic context, posing questions that set up a subsequent explanation of the duties and ethical norms appropriate to the four social orders.