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Shloka 42

उपदेशदोषप्रसङ्गः (Upadeśa-doṣa-prasaṅgaḥ) — The Risk of Misapplied Counsel

पुण्याहवाचने नित्यं धर्मकार्येषु चासकृत्‌ । उत्स्मयन्‌ प्राहसच्चापि दृष्टवा राजा पुरोहितम्‌

puṇyāhavācane nityaṃ dharmakāryeṣu cāsakṛt | utsmayan prāhasaccāpi dṛṣṭvā rājā purohitam ||

పురోహితుడు నిత్యం పుణ్యాహవాచనం చేసి, ధర్మకార్యాలలో పదేపదే నిమగ్నుడై ఉండగా, రాజు అతనిని చూచి కొన్నిసార్లు చిరునవ్వు నవ్వి, మరికొన్నిసార్లు గట్టిగా నవ్వేవాడు।

पुण्याहवाचनेin the auspicious-day proclamation/benediction rite
पुण्याहवाचने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपुण्याहवाचन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
धर्मकार्येषुin religious duties/acts
धर्मकार्येषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मकार्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
असकृत्repeatedly
असकृत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअसकृत्
उत्स्मयन्smiling (slightly)
उत्स्मयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउत् + स्मि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
प्राहसत्laughed
प्राहसत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + हस्
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरोहितम्the priest
पुरोहितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरोहित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
T
the king (rājā)
T
the royal priest (purohita)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds proper regard for dharmic practice and its custodians: even when ritual is performed regularly and sincerely, a ruler’s attitude—respectful or mocking—has ethical weight, because it shapes the moral tone of the court and society.

Bhishma describes a scene where the royal priest performs daily auspicious rites and remains engaged in dharma-works; the king watches and alternates between smiling and laughing loudly, implying amusement or derision toward the priest’s religious conduct.