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Shloka 56

कच-देवयानी संवादः

Kaca–Devayānī Dialogue and the Curse on Vidyā

अग्निके समान तेजस्वी महर्षि विश्वामित्रके देखते-देखते वहाँ यह घटना घटित हुई। वह अनिन्द्य सुन्दरी विषम परिस्थितिमें पड़ गयी थी और घबराकर वस्त्र लेनेकी इच्छा कर रही थी। उसका रूप-सौन्दर्य अवर्णनीय था। तरुणावस्था भी अद्भुत थी। उस सुन्दरी अप्सराको मुनिवर विश्वामित्रने वहाँ नंगी देख लिया

agnike samāna tejasvī maharṣi viśvāmitrake dekhate-dekhate tatra iyaṃ ghaṭanā ghaṭitā. sā anindyā sundarī viṣama paristhitim̐ paṛa gayī thī aur ghabarākar vastra lenekī icchā kara rahī thī. tasyā rūpa-saundarya avarṇanīya thā. taruṇāvasthā bhī adbhuta thī. tāṃ sundarīm apsarāṃ munivar viśvāmitreṇa tatra nagnī dṛṣṭā.

కణ్వుడు పలికెను—అగ్నివలె తేజస్సుగల మహర్షి విశ్వామిత్రుడు చూస్తుండగానే అక్కడ ఈ సంఘటన జరిగింది. నిందలేని సౌందర్యవతియైన అప్సరస కఠిన పరిస్థితిలో పడిపోయి భయపడుతూ వస్త్రం పొందాలని కోరింది. ఆమె రూపసౌందర్యం వర్ణనాతీతం; యౌవనోద్భవం ఆశ్చర్యకరం. ఆ స్థలంలో మహాతపస్వి విశ్వామిత్రుడు ఆ సుందరి అప్సరసను నగ్నంగా చూచెను.

अग्निकेof Agni (fire-god)
अग्निके:
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
समानequal to, like
समान:
TypeAdjective
Rootसमान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेजस्वीradiant, powerful
तेजस्वी:
TypeAdjective
Rootतेजस्विन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महर्षिgreat sage
महर्षि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विश्वामित्रकेof Viśvāmitra
विश्वामित्रके:
TypeNoun
Rootविश्वामित्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
देखते-देखतेwhile looking; before (his) very eyes
देखते-देखते:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदृश्
Formreduplicated gerundial usage; equivalent to 'पश्यतः पश्यतः' / 'दृष्ट्वा दृष्ट्वा' in sense 'while (he) was looking / before the eyes'
वहाँthere
वहाँ:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
यहthis
यह:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
घटनाevent, incident
घटना:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootघटना
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
घटितhappened, occurred
घटित:
TypeVerb
Rootघट्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
हुईwas/occurred (aux.)
हुई:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPast (Hindi auxiliary; Sanskrit equivalent would be 'अभवत्'), 3rd, Singular
वहshe
वह:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootसः/सा/तत्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अनिन्द्यblameless, faultless
अनिन्द्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनिन्द्य
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सुन्दरीbeautiful woman
सुन्दरी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुन्दरी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
विषमdifficult, adverse
विषम:
TypeAdjective
Rootविषम
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
परिस्थितिमेंin a situation/condition
परिस्थितिमें:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपरिस्थिति
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
पड़having fallen into (having got into)
पड़:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormHindi verb-stem; Sanskrit equivalent sense 'पतिता/आपन्ना' (fallen into/entered)
गयीwent/ended up (aux.)
गयी:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPast (Hindi auxiliary; Sanskrit equivalent would be 'अगच्छत्/जगाम'), 3rd, Singular
थीwas
थी:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPast (Hindi copula; Sanskrit equivalent 'आसीत्'), 3rd, Singular
औरand
और:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
घबराकरbeing frightened; in panic
घबराकर:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभ्रम्/त्रस्
FormHindi absolutive; Sanskrit equivalent 'त्रस्त्वा/विह्वल्य'
वस्त्रclothes, garments
वस्त्र:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवस्त्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
लेनेकीto take (for taking)
लेनेकी:
TypeVerb
Rootलॄ/लभ्
FormHindi infinitive/gerundive construction; Sanskrit equivalent 'ग्रहणाय' / 'आदातुम्'
इच्छाdesire, wish
इच्छा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइच्छा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
करdoing/making
कर:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormHindi light-verb; Sanskrit equivalent 'कृत्वा/अकरोत्' depending on syntax
रहीwas (continuing to)
रही:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था/वृत्
FormImperfective (Hindi periphrasis; Sanskrit equivalent 'आसीत्' with present participle), 3rd, Singular
थीwas
थी:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPast (Hindi copula; Sanskrit equivalent 'आसीत्'), 3rd, Singular
उसकाher
उसका:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
रूप-सौन्दर्यform and beauty
रूप-सौन्दर्य:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरूप + सौन्दर्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अवर्णनीयindescribable
अवर्णनीय:
TypeAdjective
Rootअवर्णनीय
Formअनीयर्/यत् (gerundive sense), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
थाwas
था:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPast (Hindi copula; Sanskrit equivalent 'आसीत्'), 3rd, Singular
तरुणावस्थाyouth (state of being young)
तरुणावस्था:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतरुण + अवस्था
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भीalso, even
भी:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अद्भुतwonderful, marvelous
अद्भुत:
TypeAdjective
Rootअद्भुत
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
थीwas
थी:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPast (Hindi copula; Sanskrit equivalent 'आसीत्'), 3rd, Singular
उसof that (her)
उस:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
सुन्दरीof the beautiful woman
सुन्दरी:
TypeNoun
Rootसुन्दरी
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
अप्सराकोapsaras (celestial nymph)
अप्सराको:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअप्सरा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
मुनिवरbest of sages
मुनिवर:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि + वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विश्वामित्रनेby Viśvāmitra
विश्वामित्रने:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविश्वामित्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
वहाँthere
वहाँ:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
नंगीnaked
नंगी:
TypeAdjective
Rootनग्न
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
देखhaving seen
देख:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormHindi conjunctive participle; Sanskrit equivalent 'दृष्ट्वा'
लियाsaw (completed action)
लिया:
TypeVerb
Rootलॄ/ग्रह्
FormPast (Hindi perfective; Sanskrit equivalent 'अपश्यत्'), 3rd, Singular

कण्व उवाच

कण्व (Kaṇva)
विश्वामित्र (Viśvāmitra)
अग्नि (Agni)
अप्सरा (apsaras)

Educational Q&A

The passage frames an ethically sensitive encounter to highlight dharma in situations of vulnerability: the need for modesty and protection for one in distress, and the testing of a sage’s self-restraint when confronted with unexpected sensual stimuli.

Kaṇva narrates that a blameless, beautiful apsaras, caught in a difficult situation and seeking clothing, is seen unclothed by the radiant sage Viśvāmitra—setting up a moment of tension involving desire, restraint, and moral conduct.