Rig Veda 5.61.5 — Mandala 5, Sukta 61, Mantra 5

Sukta 5.61

Rishi: Śyāvāśva Ātreya (self-referential mention in verse)

Devata: Unclear in isolated verse; likely a beneficent goddess/power associated with bestowal (possibly Uṣas/Sarasvatī/Śrī-like function) within the hymn’s context; requires hymn-level devatā confirmation from an index

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सनत्साश्व्यं पशुमुत गव्यं शतावयम् । श्यावाश्वस्तुताय या दोर्वीरायोपबर्बृहत् ॥

Transliteration

sanat sāśvyaṃ paśum uta gavyaṃ śatāvayam | śyāvāśvastutāya yā dorvīrāyopabarbṛhat ||

Translation

அவள் அவனுக்காக குதிரை-செல்வத்தையும், மாடு-செல்வத்தையும், நூற்றுமடங்கு வளர்ச்சியையும் வென்று அளித்தாள்; ச்யாவாஶ்வனின் ஸ்துதிக்காக, வலிய கரங்களையுடைய வீரனுக்குப் பராக்கிரமத்தை மேலும் உறுதிப்படுத்தியவள் அவளே.

Word by Word

• सनत्: from of old; ever
• सनत्: Adhikaraṇa (kāla) / adverbial modifier
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सनत् (avyaya; from √सन्/सन ‘to be old, to last; anciently’)

• साश्व्यम्: everlasting; perennial
• साश्व्यम्: Karma (qualifier of object) / viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: साश्व्य- (adj. from साश्वत ‘everlasting’)

• पशुम्: (a) beast; livestock
• पशुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु-

• उत: and; also
• उत: — (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत

• गव्यम्: bovine; of cattle
• गव्यम्: Karma (qualifier) / viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गव्य- (adj. from गो- ‘cow’)

• शतावयम्: hundredfold; of a hundred strengths
• शतावयम्: Karma (qualifier) / viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शतावय- (adj. ‘having a hundred folds/strengths’; from शत ‘hundred’ + अवय ‘fold/part, strength’)

• श्यावाश्वः: Śyāvāśva (the seer; ‘dark-horsed’)
• श्यावाश्वः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (Proper) / Adjective used substantively
• Root: श्यावाश्व- (proper name/epithet; ‘having dark horses’)

• स्तुताय: for the praised (one); for the one being lauded
• स्तुताय: Sampradāna (beneficiary: ‘for the praised one’)
• Type: Adjective (used as noun) / Participle
• Root: स्तुत- (PPP of √स्तु ‘to praise’)

• या: who; which
• या: Kartā (of बर्बृहत्) / relative subject
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्- (relative pronoun)

• दोर्वीराय: to the strong-armed hero
• दोर्वीराय: Sampradāna (recipient: ‘to/for the strong-armed hero’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (used as noun)
• Root: दोर्वीर- (adj./noun ‘strong-armed, mighty in arm’; dor- ‘arm’ + vīra ‘hero’)

• उप: up; forth; near
• उप: — (verbal modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb) / Postposition-like
• Root: उप

• बर्बृहत्: made great; increased; exalted
• बर्बृहत्: Kriyā (finite verb); governs objects in acc.
• Type: Verb
• Root: √बृह् (वर्धने ‘to grow, make great’) with intensive/reduplicated present stem बर्बृह-