Valmiki Ramayana 2.43.13: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 43, Shloka 13

कौशल्याविलापः

Kausalya’s Lament and the Vision of Rama’s Return

Devanagari script

कदा प्राणिसहस्राणि राजमार्गे ममात्मजौ।लाजैरवकिरिष्यन्ति प्रविशन्तावरिन्दमौ।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.43.13

Transliteration

kadā prāṇisahasrāṇi rājamārge mamātmajau | lājair avakiriṣyanti praviśantāv arindamau ||

Translation

என் இரு புதல்வர்கள்—பகைஅடக்கிகள்—நகரில் நுழையும்போது, அரசவீதியில் ஆயிரக்கணக்கான மக்கள் எப்போது அவர்கள்மேல் லாஜம் (வறுத்த நெல்) தூவி வரவேற்பார்கள்?

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Word by Word

• कदा: when?
• कदा: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (interrogative adverb of time)

• प्राणि-सहस्राणि: thousands of people
• प्राणि-सहस्राणि: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prāṇin (प्रातिपदिक) + sahasra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (प्राणिनां सहस्राणि = thousands of living beings/people)

• राज-मार्गे: on the royal road
• राज-मार्गे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक) + mārga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (राज्ञः मार्गः)

• मम: my
• मम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• आत्मजौ: two sons
• आत्मजौ: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātmaja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन

• लाजैः: with parched grain
• लाजैः: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lāja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• अवकिरिष्यन्ति: will shower/scatter down
• अवकिरिष्यन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava√kṛ (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Simple Future), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• प्रविशन्तौ: (the two) entering
• प्रविशन्तौ: Karta (कर्ता/Agent of entering)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra√viś (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन

• अरिन्दमौ: subduers of enemies
• अरिन्दमौ: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: arindama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying आत्मजौ)

Context

When will the people in their thousands shower the parched grain on the highway when my sons (Rama and Lakshmana), subduers of enemies, enter the city?

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Ayodhyā (implied)
• rājamārga (royal road)
• lāja (parched grain)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It reflects the dhārmic bond between ruler and people: the populace expresses auspicious welcome to righteous protectors through traditional celebratory rites.

What is the narrative situation?

Kausalyā continues to picture the homecoming scene—crowds lining the royal road and performing a customary showering of auspicious grain.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The brothers’ valor and protective capacity (arindama), paired with the people’s gratitude and loyalty toward dhārmic leadership.