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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 1

Pāpa-bheda, Naraka-yātanā, Mahāpātaka-vicāra, Atonement Limits, Daśa-vidhā Bhakti, and Gaṅgā as Final Remedy

धर्मराज उवाच । पाप भेदान्प्रवक्ष्यामि यथा स्थूलाश्च यातनाः । श्रृणुष्व धैर्यमास्थाय रौद्रा ये नरका यतः ॥ १ ॥

dharmarāja uvāca | pāpa bhedānpravakṣyāmi yathā sthūlāśca yātanāḥ | śrṛṇuṣva dhairyamāsthāya raudrā ye narakā yataḥ || 1 ||

தர்மராஜன் கூறினான்—பாவங்களின் வகைகளையும், அதற்குரிய கடுமையான வேதனைகளையும் நான் விளக்குவேன். தைரியத்துடன் கேள்; இத்துன்பங்கள் எழும் அந்தக் கொடூர நரகங்களை.

dharmarājaḥDharmarāja (Yama)
dharmarājaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; speaker)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक) + rāja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘king of dharma’
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया; said)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
pāpasins
pāpa:
Karma (कर्म; object)
TypeNoun
Rootpāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन) (as first member of phrase)
bhedāndivisions/types
bhedān:
Karma (कर्म; object)
TypeNoun
Rootbheda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
pravakṣyāmiI shall explain
pravakṣyāmi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra+vac (वच् धातु)
FormSimple Future (लृट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 1st Person (उत्तमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
yathāas/according to how
yathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; manner)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb/conjunction (यथार्थक अव्यय; ‘as/according to’)
sthūlāḥgross/terrible
sthūlāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण; of yātanāḥ)
TypeAdjective
Rootsthūla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
yātanāḥtortures/punishments
yātanāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; subject of implied ‘are’)
TypeNoun
Rootyātanā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
śrṛṇuṣvalisten
śrṛṇuṣva:
Kriyā (क्रिया; command)
TypeVerb
Rootśru (श्रु धातु)
FormImperative (लोट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 2nd Person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
dhairyamsteadfastness/courage
dhairyam:
Karma (कर्म; object of āsthāya)
TypeNoun
Rootdhairya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
āsthāyahaving assumed/maintained
āsthāya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया; prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√sthā (स्था धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), ‘having adopted/assuming’
raudrāḥfierce/terrible
raudrāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण; of narakāḥ)
TypeAdjective
Rootraudra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
yewhich
ye:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; relative)
TypeAdjective
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); relative pronoun (यद्-प्रातिपदिक)
narakāḥhells
narakāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; subject)
TypeNoun
Rootnaraka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
yataḥbecause/for which reason
yataḥ:
Hetu (हेतु; reason)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyataḥ (अव्यय)
FormCausal/relative adverb (यतः-कारणवाचक अव्यय; ‘because/whence’)

Dharmarāja (Yama)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: raudra

D
Dharmarāja
Y
Yama
N
Naraka

FAQs

It frames a dharma-teaching: actions (pāpa) have definite karmic results, and the Purana urges the listener to face this truth with steadiness so one reforms conduct and seeks purification.

By highlighting the fearsome consequences of wrongdoing, it implicitly motivates turning toward dharma and sincere devotion to the Lord as a stabilizing refuge, leading to moral restraint and inner purification.

No specific Vedāṅga is taught in this verse; it functions as a dharma-adhyāya preface, preparing the listener for ethical instruction about karma and its results.