Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 58, Shloka 31
Adhyaya 58 — The Kurma-Form of Narayana: Mapping Bharata through Nakshatras, Regions, and Planetary Afflictions
द्रावणाः मार्गिकाः शूद्रा कर्णप्राधेयवर्वराः ।
किराताः पारदाः पाण्ड्यास्तथा पारशवाः कलाः ॥
drāvaṇāḥ mārgikāḥ śūdrā karṇaprādheya-varvarāḥ | kirātāḥ pāradāḥ pāṇḍyās tathā pāraśavāḥ kalāḥ ||
த்ராவணர்கள், மார்கிகர்கள், சூத்ரர்கள், கர்ணப்ராதேயர்கள், வர்வரர்கள்; கிராதர்கள், பாரதர்கள், பாண்டியர்கள், மேலும் பாரசவர்கள் மற்றும் கலர்கள்—இவர்களும் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ளனர்।
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FAQs
The verse reflects how Purāṇic compilers used a mix of political, regional, and varṇa-like terms to classify society; it is descriptive rather than prescriptive in these lines.
Ancillary cosmography/ethnography (bhū-varṇana).
The blending of social and regional identifiers suggests a layered identity model—outer geography and inner social ordering—both viewed as parts of a single cosmic arrangement.