Shloka 72

Adhyaya 45 — Jaimini’s Cosmological Questions and the Opening of Markandeya’s Account of Primary Creation

Sanskrit

जलञ्च क्षिपति ब्रह्मा स तथा प्रकृतिर्विभु ।

अव्यक्तं क्षेत्रमुद्दिष्टं ब्रह्मा क्षेत्रज्ञ उच्यते ॥

Transliteration

jalañ ca kṣipati brahmā sa tathā prakṛtir vibhu | avyaktaṃ kṣetram uddiṣṭaṃ brahmā kṣetrajña ucyate

Translation

பிரம்மா நீரை விட்டு விடுவது போலவே, மகத்தான பிரகிருதியும் அதனை வெளிப்படுத்தி விடுகிறது. அவ்யக்தம் ‘க்ஷேத்ரம்’ என அறிவிக்கப்படுகிறது; பிரம்மா ‘க்ஷேத்ரஜ்ஞன்’ என அழைக்கப்படுகிறான்.

Word by Word

• jalam: water
• jalam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative Singular (द्वितीया एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, conjunction

• kṣipati: throws, casts
• kṣipati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṣip (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ (लट्, present), 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• brahmā: Brahmā
• brahmā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative Singular (प्रथमा एकवचन)

• saḥ: he/that
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Masculine, Nominative Singular

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb ‘thus/likewise’

• prakṛtiḥ: Prakṛti
• prakṛtiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prakṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative Singular

• vibhu: all-pervading, mighty
• vibhu: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vibhu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative Singular; adjective used predicatively (प्रत्ययार्थे) qualifying the subject (saḥ/prakṛtiḥ)

• avyaktam: unmanifest
• avyaktam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-vyakta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative Singular; qualifying ‘kṣetram’

• kṣetram: field (kṣetra)
• kṣetram: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṣetra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative Singular (प्रथमा एकवचन)

• uddiṣṭam: is declared
• uddiṣṭam: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud-√diś (धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta: Past passive participle (क्त), Neuter Nominative Singular agreeing with ‘kṣetram’; ‘indicated/declared’

• brahmā: Brahmā
• brahmā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative Singular

• kṣetrajñaḥ: the knower of the field
• kṣetrajñaḥ: Pratipādya (प्रातिपाद्य/विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṣetra + jña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘knower of the field’; Masculine, Nominative Singular

• ucyate: is called
• ucyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ (present), 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada; passive sense ‘is called’

Speakers

• Narrator within the cosmology discourse

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Brahmā

Key Themes

• Kṣetra–kṣetrajña (Bhagavadgītā-style) framework
• Sāṃkhya metaphysics
• Cosmology
• Prakṛti and consciousness

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Right knowledge distinguishes the field (objects/nature) from the knower (consciousness). This discrimination is the foundation for liberation-oriented understanding.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sarga, with explicit tattva-doctrine explaining how creation relates to the knowing principle.

What is the esoteric significance?

Identifying avyakta as kṣetra implies even subtle causality is ‘objectifiable’; the true kṣetrajña stands apart—pointing to a contemplative separation of witness from all layers.