Agni Purana — Sahitya-shastra, Shloka 13
Chapter 342: शब्दालङ्काराः
Verbal/Sound-based Ornaments
द्वैविध्येनानयोः स्थानपादभेदाच्चतुर्विधम् आदिपादादिमध्यान्तेष्वेकद्वित्रिनियोगतः
dvaividhyenānayoḥ sthānapādabhedāccaturvidham ādipādādimadhyānteṣvekadvitriniyogataḥ
இவ்விரண்டின் இருவகைப் பிரிவும், இடம் மற்றும் பாதப் பேதமும் காரணமாக இது நான்கு வகையாகிறது. முதல் பாதத்திலும், தொடக்கம்–நடு–முடிவு இடங்களிலும் ஒன்று, இரண்டு, மூன்று அலகுகள் நியோகமாகப் பயன்படுகின்றன.
Lord Agni (narrating the śāstra-material in the Agni Purana)
Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Alamkara","secondary_vidya":"Natya","practical_application":"Systematically enumerate yamaka placements by pāda and by intra-pāda position (beginning/middle/end), enabling poets and commentators to label subtypes and design patterned verses.","sutra_style":true}
Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Yamaka positional taxonomy: pāda-sthāna-bheda → caturvidha; ekadvi-tri-niyoga","lookup_keywords":["yamaka","pāda","sthāna-bheda","caturvidha","niyoga"],"quick_summary":"From the two basic types, further division by position and pāda yields a fourfold scheme. Application is described via assigning one, two, or three occurrences across the initial pāda and within beginning/middle/end positions."}
Alamkara Type: Yamaka (positional bheda)
Concept: Complexity from simple binaries via parameterization (type × position × pāda × count).
Application: Create a checklist for analysis: identify type (avyapeta/vyapeta), then mark pāda and intra-pāda position, then count repetitions (1/2/3) to name the subtype.
Khanda Section: Sahitya-shastra (Chandas / Prosody and metrical analysis)
Primary Rasa: Adbhuta
Secondary Rasa: Shanta
Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A grid chart maps yamaka types against pādas and positions (ādi/madhya/anta), with counters 1–3 showing distribution; the teacher demonstrates how a verse is annotated by quarters.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, large schematic grid painted like a yantra, guru pointing with stylus, disciples chanting, strong reds/ochres, stylized palm-leaf notes","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, gold-bordered chart with fourfold divisions, ornate frame, scholar seated on a low seat, clear labels for ādi-madhya-anta and pāda markers","mysore_prompt":"Mysore style, crisp instructional diagram with numbered placements (1/2/3), soft pastel background, emphasis on legibility and pedagogy","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, a manuscript page with marginalia showing a fourfold classification table, scholars debating, fine calligraphy and ruled lines"}
Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Shankarabharanam","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}
Sandhi Resolution Notes: द्वैविध्येनानयोः = द्वैविध्येन + अनयोः; स्थानपादभेदाच्चतुर्विधम् = स्थानपादभेदात् + चतुर्विधम्; अन्तेष्वेकद्वित्रिनियोगतः = अन्तेषु + एकद्वित्रिनियोगतः
Related Themes: Agni Purana 342.12 (binary division); Agni Purana 342.15 (tri-fold within pāda; pādānta and kāñcī types)
FAQs
It teaches a technical rule from Sanskrit chandas: how metrical features are classified by twofold criteria and then expanded into four types based on position (sthāna) and quarter (pāda), with placement rules allowing one/two/three-unit assignments at the start, middle, or end.
Beyond myth and ritual, the Agni Purana preserves formal śāstric material such as prosody and poetics; this verse exemplifies its inclusion of precise analytical frameworks used in composing and evaluating Sanskrit verse.
Mastery of chandas supports accurate preservation and recitation of sacred and learned texts; correct metrical knowledge is traditionally linked with clarity of meaning, disciplined speech, and the merit of properly transmitted learning.