Rig Veda 8.45.3: Mandala 8, Sukta 45, Mantra 3
Sukta 8.45
Devata: Indra
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अयुद्ध इद्युधा वृतं शूर आजति सत्वभिः । येषामिन्द्रो युवा सखा ॥
Transliteration
ayúddha íd yudhā́ vṛtáṃ śūra ā́jati sátvabhiḥ | yeṣām índro yúvā sákhā ||
Translation
अयुद्ध इव दृश्यमानोऽपि युधा वृतं निरोधं शूरोऽजयति सत्त्वैः। येषां इन्द्रो युवा सखा सहचरः।
Word by Word
अयुद्धःunfought, not engaging in battle
अयुद्धः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootयुध् (धातु) / अ- (निषेध) + युद्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
इत्indeed, just
इत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइद्/इत् (निपात)
युधाby/with battle, by fighting
युधा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootयुध् (धातु) → युधा (तृतीया एकवचन, साधनवाचक)
वृतम्the chosen/selected (one); the encompassed/covered (object)
वृतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootवृ (धातु) → वृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, भूतकृदन्त)
शूरःthe hero, the brave one
शूरः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootशूर (प्रातिपदिक)
आtowards, unto
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग)
जतिcomes/approaches; advances
जति:
—
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (धातु) / जि? (धातु) — वैदिक रूप; √जन् ‘to be born/come’ → (आ)जति
सत्वभिःwith strengths/powers; with vigorous forces
सत्वभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootसत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
येषाम्of whom, whose
येषाम्:
—
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
युवाyoung
युवा:
Kartā (as qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootयुवन् (प्रातिपदिक) → युवा (वैदिक/छान्दस रूप)
सखाfriend, companion
सखा:
Kartā (predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक) → सखा (प्रथमा एकवचन)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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