Rig Veda 4.54.1: Mandala 4, Sukta 54, Mantra 1
Sukta 4.54
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Mandala 4; hymn 4.54 commonly ascribed to Vāmadeva)
Devata: Savitṛ (solar impeller; Āditya-like power of arousing and directing)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; RV 4.54 is predominantly Triṣṭubh in tradition—verify at pada-count level for critical editions)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अभूद्देवः सविता वन्द्यो नु न इदानीमह्न उपवाच्यो नृभिः । वि यो रत्ना भजति मानवेभ्यः श्रेष्ठं नो अत्र द्रविणं यथा दधत् ॥
Transliteration
abhūd devaḥ savitā vandyo nu na idānīm ahna upa-vācyo nṛbhiḥ | vi yo ratnā bhajati mānavebhyaḥ śreṣṭhaṃ no atra draviṇaṃ yathā dadhat ||
Translation
अभूद् देवः सविता वन्द्यो नु नः, इदानीम् अह्न उपवाच्यो नृभिः। यो रत्नानि मानवेभ्यो विभजति, स अत्र नः श्रेष्ठं द्रविणं यथा दधत्।
Word by Word
अभूत्became; came to be
अभूत्:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू
देवःthe god
देवः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
सविताSavitar (the impeller)
सविता:
Kartā (देवः सविता = apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootसवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
वन्द्यःworthy of praise
वन्द्यः:
Kartā-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Root√वन्द् → वन्द्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
नुnow; indeed
नु:
(सम्बन्ध/प्रयोग-निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
नःof us; our
नः:
सम्बन्ध (possessor)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
इदानीम्now; at this time
इदानीम्:
Adhikaraṇa (time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइदानीम्
अह्नःof the day
अह्नः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of the day’)
TypeNoun
Rootअहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
उपवाच्यःto be invoked; to be addressed (in worship)
उपवाच्यः:
Kartā-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Root√वच् → वाच्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + उप
नृभिःby men
नृभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootनृ (प्रातिपदिक)
विapart; forth; distributively
वि:
(क्रियाविशेषक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि
यःwho
यः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (relative pronoun)
रत्नाtreasures
रत्ना:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
भजतिapportions; distributes
भजति:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भज्
मानवेभ्यःto men; to mankind
मानवेभ्यः:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootमानव (प्रातिपदिक)
श्रेष्ठम्best
श्रेष्ठम्:
Karma-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
नःour; of us
नः:
सम्बन्ध (possessor)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
अत्रhere
अत्र:
Adhikaraṇa (place)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
द्रविणम्wealth
द्रविणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रविण (प्रातिपदिक)
यथाso that; as
यथा:
(क्रियाविशेषक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
दधत्placing; bestowing
दधत्:
Kartā (participle qualifying the agent)
TypeVerb
Root√धा
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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