Rig Veda 4.16.20: Mandala 4, Sukta 16, Mantra 20
Sukta 4.16
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
एवेदिन्द्राय वृषभाय वृष्णे ब्रह्माकर्म भृगवो न रथम् । नू चिद्यथा नः सख्या वियोषदसन्न उग्रोऽविता तनूपाः ॥
Transliteration
evéd índrāya vṛṣabhā́ya vṛ́ṣṇe bráhmākarmá bhṛ́gavo ná rátham | nū́ cid yáthā naḥ sakhyā́ víyoṣad ásann ugró ’vitā́ tanūpā́ḥ ||
Translation
एवेदिन्द्राय वृषभाय वृष्णे ब्रह्माकर्म अकराम भृगवो न रथम्। नू चिद्यथा नः सख्या वियोषद्, असन्न उग्रोऽविता तनूपाः।
Word by Word
एवindeed, just, thus
एव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
इत्indeed, surely
इत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइत्
इन्द्रायto Indra
इन्द्राय:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र
वृषभायto the bull (mighty one)
वृषभाय:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootवृषभ
वृष्णेto the vigorous/strong one
वृष्णे:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवृषन्
ब्रह्मsacred formulation, hymn/prayer
ब्रह्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
अकर्मunfailing in action / effective (lit. not non-working)
अकर्म:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (धातु) + अ (उपसर्ग/प्रत्यय-निषेध) → अकर्मन्
भृगवःthe Bhṛgus (a priestly clan)
भृगवः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootभृगु
नlike, as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
नुnow, indeed
नु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
चित्even
चित्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित्
यथाas, so that
यथा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
नःfor us / of us
नः:
Sampradāna
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
सख्याfriendship, companionship
सख्या:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसखि
वियोषत्should separate / separated
वियोषत्:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Rootयुष् (वियोजने) with वि-
असन्they were / may they be
असन्:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
नःfor us
नः:
Sampradāna
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
उग्रःthe mighty/terrible one
उग्रः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र
अविताhelper, protector
अविता:
Kartā
TypeNoun (agent)
Rootअवितृ (from अव् ‘to protect, help’)
तनूपाःprotector of our person/body
तनूपाः:
Kartā
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootतनूपा (तनोः ‘of the body’ + पा ‘protector’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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