Rig Veda 10.165.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 165, Mantra 1
Sukta 10.165
Rishi: Traditionally associated with Atharvanic/late book (Mandala 10) apotropaic seers; specific r̥ṣi attribution varies by Anukramaṇī for this hymn (often given as a late/anonymous tradition).
Devata: Devas in general; with explicit reference to Nirr̥ti as the adverse power being averted.
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; RV 10 frequently uses Triṣṭubh in such stanzas—exact metrical scan recommended for confirmation).
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
देवाः कपोत इषितो यदिच्छन्दूतो निॠत्या इदमाजगाम । तस्मा अर्चाम कृणवाम निष्कृतिं शं नो अस्तु द्विपदे शं चतुष्पदे ॥
Transliteration
devā́ḥ kapotá iṣitó yád icchán dūtó nírṛtyā́ idám ā́jagāma | tásmai arcāma kṛṇávāma níṣkṛtiṃ śáṃ no astu dvípade śáṃ catúṣpade ||
Translation
हे देवाः, यदि कपीतः इषितः सन् इच्छन् निॠत्याः दूतः इदम् आजगाम, तस्मै (तस्मिन्) प्रेषणे वयम् अर्चाम् अर्चामः, निष्कृतिं च कृणवाम; शं नो अस्तु द्विपदे, शं चतुष्पदे।
Word by Word
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक) < √दिव् (द्युतौ)
कपोतःthe pigeon/dove
कपोतः:
Kartā (देवाः इति सह समन्वयः)
TypeNoun
Rootकपोत (प्रातिपदिक)
इषितःimpelled, sent
इषितः:
—
TypeAdjective (past participle)
Root√इष् (इष गतौ/प्रेरणे) → इषित (कृदन्त, भूतकर्मणि/क्त)
यदिif
यदि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (अव्यय)
इच्छन्wishing, desiring
इच्छन्:
—
TypeVerb-participle (present active) used adjectivally
Root√इष्/इच्छ् (इच्छायाम्) → इच्छन्त् (शतृ)
दूतःa messenger
दूतः:
Kartā (आगमनक्रियायाः)
TypeNoun
Rootदूत (प्रातिपदिक)
निॠत्याःof Nirṛti (goddess of destruction/misfortune)
निॠत्याः:
सम्बन्ध (दूतः कस्य?)
TypeNoun
Rootनिॠति (प्रातिपदिक)
इदम्this (place/thing)
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम)
आजगामhas come, came
आजगाम:
— (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootआ + √गम् (गतौ)
तस्मैto him/for him
तस्मै:
Sampradāna
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
अर्चामpraise, hymn
अर्चाम:
Karma
TypeNoun
Root√अर्च् (पूजायाम्) → अर्चा (प्रातिपदिक, स्त्री)
कृणवामlet us two make
कृणवाम:
— (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (करणे)
निष्कृतिम्expiation, release, atonement
निष्कृतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिष्कृति (प्रातिपदिक) < नि: + √कृ (करणे)
शम्well-being, auspiciousness
शम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशम् (अव्यय/नपुंसक-प्रातिपदिक ‘शं’)
नःfor us / of us
नः:
Sampradāna/सम्बन्ध (अस्तु—अस्माकम्/अस्मभ्यम्)
TypePronoun (enclitic)
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
अस्तुlet it be
अस्तु:
— (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (भुवि)
द्विपदेin/for the two-footed (humans)
द्विपदे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun/Adjective (collective)
Rootद्विपद (प्रातिपदिक)
शम्well-being
शम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशम् (अव्यय)
चतुष्पदेin/for the four-footed (cattle/animals)
चतुष्पदे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun/Adjective (collective)
Rootचतुष्पद (प्रातिपदिक)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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