Rig Veda 1.158.5: Mandala 1, Sukta 158, Mantra 5
Sukta 1.158
Rishi: Dīrghatamas Āucathya
Devata: Narrative/Allegorical (protective waters; conflict with Dāsa powers; Traitana episode)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
न मा गरन्नद्यो मातृतमा दासा यदीं सुसमुब्धमवाधुः । शिरो यदस्य त्रैतनो वितक्षत्स्वयं दास उरो अंसावपि ग्ध ॥
Transliteration
ná mā garann adyó mātṛ́-tamā dāsā́ yad ī́ṃ súsamubdham avā́dhuḥ | śíro yád asya traitanó ví-takṣat svayáṃ dāsá uró aṃsā́v ápi gdha ||
Translation
न मा गरन्नद्यो मातृतमा दासा यदीं सुसमुब्धमवाधुः। शिरो यदस्य त्रैतनो वितक्षत्स्वयं दास उरो अंसावपि ग्ध॥
Word by Word
नnot
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
माme
मा:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
गरन्they sang/praised
गरन्:
(with implied subject) Kartā
TypeVerb
Rootगॄ (गिर्/गॄ) ‘to sing/praise’
नद्यःthe rivers
नद्यः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootनदी
माme
मा:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
तृतमाmost saving/most helpful (lit. ‘thirdest/utmost’ as epithet)
तृतमा:
Kartā (as part of subject phrase)
TypeAdjective (superlative-like ordinal) प्रयुक्त as epithet
Rootतृतम
मातृतमाthe most motherly (one)
मातृतमा:
Kartā
TypeNoun/Adjective (epithet)
Rootमातृतम (मातृ + -तम)
दासाःthe Dāsas/servants (hostile men)
दासाः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootदास
यत्when/that
यत्:
—
TypeRelative pronoun
Rootयद्
ईम्indeed; him/it (enclitic)
ईम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable (enclitic particle)
Rootईम्
सुसमुब्धम्well-bound/firmly fastened
सुसमुब्धम्:
Karma
TypeParticiple (past passive)
Rootसम्-उब्ध (PPP of √उब्ध/उन्ध ‘to bind/entangle/press’ in Vedic usage) with सु-
अवाधुःthey struck down/assailed
अवाधुः:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Rootअव-√धा/√धू (Vedic: ‘to strike down, injure, oppress’)
शिरःthe head
शिरः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस्
यत्which
यत्:
—
TypeRelative pronoun
Rootयद्
अस्यof him
अस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (enclitic/ pronominal stem) → अस्य
त्रैतनःTraitana (a person/foe)
त्रैतनः:
Kartā
TypeProper name / Noun
Rootत्रैतन
विapart, asunder
वि:
—
TypePreverb
Rootvi
तक्षत्he cut/hewed
तक्षत्:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Root√तक्ष् ‘to cut, hew, fashion’
स्वयम्by himself
स्वयम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
दासःthe Dāsa
दासः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootदास
उरःthe chest
उरः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउरस्
अंसौ(both) shoulders
अंसौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअंस
अपिalso; onto
अपि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi
ग्धseize/grasp (it)!
ग्ध:
(addressed agent) Kartā
TypeVerb
Root√ग्रह्/√गृह् (Vedic contracted injunctive/imperative-like form; often written gdh)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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