Rig Veda 1.156.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 156, Mantra 4
Sukta 1.156
Rishi: Dīrghatamas Aucathya (traditional for RV 1.156)
Devata: Viṣṇu (with associated powers: Varuṇa, Aśvins, Maruts)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable, based on RV 1.156 general metrical pattern)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
तमस्य राजा वरुणस्तमश्विना क्रतुं सचन्त मारुतस्य वेधसः । दाधार दक्षमुत्तममहर्विदं व्रजं च विष्णुः सखिवाँ अपोर्णुते ॥
Transliteration
tám asya rājā váruṇas tám aśvínā krátum sacanta mārútasya védhasaḥ | dādhā́ra dákṣam uttamáṃ áhār-vidaṃ vrjáṃ ca víṣṇuḥ sákhivā́n apa-ūrṇute ||
Translation
तमस्य राजा वरुणस्तमश्विना क्रतुं सचन्त मारुतस्य वेधसः। दाधार दक्षमुत्तममहर्-विदं व्रजं च विष्णुः सखिवान् अपोर्णुते।
Word by Word
तमस्यof the darkness / of the dark (one)
तमस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun/Pronoun
Rootतम (प्रातिपदिक) + अस्य (सर्वनाम-षष्ठी)
राजाking
राजा:
कर्तृ (subject) (appositional)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
वरुणःVaruṇa
वरुणः:
कर्तृ (subject) (apposition to राजा)
TypeNoun (Proper)
Rootवरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
तमःdarkness
तमः:
कर्म (object)
TypeNoun
Rootतमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
अश्विनाthe Aśvins
अश्विना:
कर्तृ (co-subject)
TypeNoun (Proper, dual)
Rootअश्विन् (प्रातिपदिक; dual deity)
क्रतुम्resolve / sacred power / plan
क्रतुम्:
कर्म (object)
TypeNoun
Rootक्रतु (प्रातिपदिक)
सचन्तेthey accompany / they join
सचन्ते:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√सच् (सचते) ‘to accompany, to join’
मारुतस्यof the Marut / Maruta
मारुतस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootमारुत (प्रातिपदिक)
वेधसःof the wise one / of the ordainer
वेधसः:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootवेधस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘wise one, disposer’
दाधारhas held / upheld
दाधार:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√धृ (धारयति) ‘to hold, support’
दक्षम्strength / skill
दक्षम्:
कर्म (object)
TypeNoun
Rootदक्ष (प्रातिपदिक) ‘skill, strength’
उत्तमम्highest / best
उत्तमम्:
कर्म (object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम (प्रातिपदिक; superlative of उद्/उत् + तम)
अहर्विदम्knowing the day / day-finding
अहर्विदम्:
कर्म (object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective (Kṛdanta compound)
Rootअहर् + विद् (कृदन्त-समास; ‘day-knowing’)
व्रजम्the enclosure / cattle-pen
व्रजम्:
कर्म (object)
TypeNoun
Rootव्रज (प्रातिपदिक) ‘enclosure, pen, stall’
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
विष्णुःViṣṇu
विष्णुः:
कर्तृ (subject)
TypeNoun (Proper)
Rootविष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)
सखिवान्having (them) as friends / friendly
सखिवान्:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootसखि + वत् (प्रातिपदिक; possessive ‘having as friend’)
अपोर्णुतेopens / uncovers
अपोर्णुते:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootअप + √वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते) ‘to open, uncover’
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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