Rig Veda 1.140.3 — Mandala 1, Sukta 140, Mantra 3
Sukta 1.140
Rishi: Kaṇva lineage (traditional; verify)
Devata: Agni (child of the two mothers)
Chandas: Jagatī or Triṣṭubh (uncertain; verify)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
कृष्णप्रुतौ वेविजे अस्य सक्षिता उभा तरेते अभि मातरा शिशुम् । प्राचाजिह्वं ध्वसयन्तं तृषुच्युतमा साच्यं कुपयं वर्धनं पितुः ॥
Transliteration
kṛṣṇa-prutau vevije asya sa-kṣitau ubhā tarete abhi mātarā śiśum | prācājihvaṃ dhvasayantaṃ tṛṣu-cyutam ā sācyam kupayaṃ vardhanaṃ pituḥ ||
Translation
कृष्णप्रुतौ अस्य उभे सक्षिते मातरौ वेविजे; उभे शिशुम् अभि तरेते वहतः। प्राचाजिह्वः स ध्वसयन् विकिरन् तृषुच्युतः, साच्यं दक्षिणपार्श्वम् आ गच्छति—पितुः कुपयं वर्धनम्।
Word by Word
कृष्णप्रुतौin/at the dark (black) flood/stream (i.e., in the dark waters)
कृष्णप्रुतौ:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootकृष्ण-प्रुतु (प्रातिपदिक; समास) अथवा कृष्ण-प्रुत (द्विवचन-लोक.)
वेविजेhas trembled / has quivered
वेविजे:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Root√विज्/√विज् (वेदिक: ‘कम्पने/वेपने’) ; पुनरुक्त-परिपूर्ण (वे-)
अस्यof him/this (of this one)
अस्य:
Sambandha (Genitive relation)
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सक्षितौthe two companions/helpers
सक्षितौ:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसक्षितृ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सहचर/सहायक’)
उभाboth
उभा:
Kartā (विशेषण)
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootउभ (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
तरेतेthey two cross / pass over
तरेते:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Root√तॄ (तरणे)
अभिtowards, over, upon
अभि:
Upasarga/Directional
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
मातरौthe two mothers
मातरौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
शिशुम्the child
शिशुम्:
Karma (apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootशिशु (प्रातिपदिक)
प्राचाजिह्वम्with the tongue thrust forward / forward-tongued
प्राचाजिह्वम्:
Karma (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राच-आ-जिह्व (समास; ‘आ’ उपसर्ग-सहित) ; जिह्वा (प्रातिपदिक)
ध्वसयन्तम्destroying / consuming
ध्वसयन्तम्:
Karma (विशेषण)
TypeVerb (Participle)
Root√ध्वस्/√ध्वंस् (वेदिक: ‘ध्वंसने/क्षये/विनाशे’; caus./intens. usage) → ध्वसयति
तृषुच्युतम्dripping/oozing in drops (lit. ‘drop-fallen’)
तृषुच्युतम्:
Karma (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतृषु-च्युत (समास) ; √च्युत्/√च्यु (च्यवने ‘to fall/flow off’)
आto, unto; hither
आ:
Upasarga/Directional
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
साच्यम्clinging/associated; companionable
साच्यम्:
Karma (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसाच्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘साथ/सहचर/सह्य’) अथवा √सच् (समवाये) से निष्पन्न
कुपयम्a cavity/pit (or vessel)
कुपयम्:
Karma (appositional object)
TypeNoun
Rootकुपय (प्रातिपदिक; वेदिक—‘कूप/कुह/गुहा’ अथवा ‘कुप’ = पात्र/कोश)
वर्धनम्the increaser/nourisher
वर्धनम्:
Karma (apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootवर्धन (प्रातिपदिक; √वृध् ‘to grow/increase’ से)
पितुःof the father
पितुः:
Sambandha (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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