Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 69, Shloka 64

त्रिशिरा-प्रबोधनम् तथा नरान्तक-वधः

Trisira’s Counsel and the Slaying of Naranthaka

Devanagari script

तेवानरागर्वितहृष्टचेष्टास्सङ्ग्राममासाद्यभयंविम ।युद्धंस्मसर्वेसहराक्षसैस्सैयुधाश्चक्रुरदीनसत्त्वाः ।।।।

Transliteration

te vānarā garvita-hṛṣṭa-ceṣṭāḥ saṅgrāmam āsādya bhayaṃ vimucya | yuddhaṃ sma sarve saha rākṣasais taiḥ yudhāś cakrur adīna-sattvāḥ ||

Translation

ते वानराः गर्वितहृष्टचेष्टाः सङ्ग्राममासाद्य भयं विमुच्य । युद्धं स्म सर्वे सह राक्षसैस्तैः युधाश्चक्रुरदीनसत्त्वाः ॥

Word by Word

• te: those
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• vānarāḥ: Vanaras
• vānarāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• garvita-hṛṣṭa-ceṣṭāḥ: whose movements were proud and exuberant
• garvita-hṛṣṭa-ceṣṭāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: garvita (कृदन्त; √garv/गर्व्; PPP/adj) + hṛṣṭa (कृदन्त; √hṛṣ/हृष्; PPP/adj) + ceṣṭā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) 'whose actions are proud and delighted'; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; qualifies vānarāḥ

• saṅgrāmam: battlefield/battle
• saṅgrāmam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṅgrāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• āsādya: having reached
• āsādya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√sad (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्) 'having reached/approached'

• bhayam: fear
• bhayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• vimucya: having abandoned
• vimucya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-√muc (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्) 'having cast off/released'

• yuddham: battle
• yuddham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• sma: indeed/then (particle)
• sma: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sma (अव्यय)
• Form: Smā-avyaya (particle indicating recollection/continuity; often with past)

• sarve: all
• sarve: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: Sahārtha-avyaya (preposition-like indeclinable; governs Tṛtīyā)

• rākṣasaiḥ: with Rakshasas
• rākṣasaiḥ: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Bahuvacana (with saha)

• sa-āyudhāḥ: armed
• sa-āyudhāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa (उपसर्ग/सह-प्रत्ययार्थ) + āyudha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) 'having weapons'; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; qualifies the subject

• cakruḥ: they waged/did
• cakruḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ (Perfect), Prathama-puruṣa, Bahuvacana

• adīna-sattvāḥ: undaunted
• adīna-sattvāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: adīna (प्रातिपदिक) + sattva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) 'whose spirit is not dejected'; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; qualifies the subject

Context

Those Vanaras leaving behind fear, reaching the war field, rejoicing with pride, not at all depressed, carried out war with Rakshasas.

Characters & Entities

• Vānara
• Rākṣasa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Steadfast courage in a righteous cause: fear is abandoned so duty in battle (kṣātra-dharma) can be fulfilled without inner collapse.

What is the narrative situation?

The Vānara forces arrive at the battlefield and collectively begin fighting the Rākṣasas.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Fearlessness and resilience (adīnatā), expressed as disciplined readiness to act.