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Shloka 7

दधिमुख

विज्ञापनम् / Dadhimukha Reports the Madhuvana Incident

इमे हि संरब्धतरास्तथा तैस्सम्प्रधर्षिताः।वारयन्तो वनात्तस्मात्क्रुद्धैर्वानरपुङ्गवैः।।।।

ime hi saṅrabdhatarās tathā tais sampradharṣitāḥ | vārayanto vanāt tasmāt kruddhair vānarapuṅgavaiḥ ||

इमे हि संरब्धतराः, तैः सम्प्रधर्षिताः; तस्मात् वनात् वारयन्तः तान् क्रुद्धैः वानरपुङ्गवैः प्रतिहताः, रक्षिणोऽपि परितापिताः।

imethese
ime:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1), Plural; 'these (guards)'
hiindeed/for
hi:
Hetu-nipāta (हेतुनिपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात)
saṃrabdhatarāḥmore enraged
saṃrabdhatarāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootsaṃrabdha + tara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative Plural; comparative (तर) of saṃrabdha 'enraged'; 'more enraged'
tathāthus
tathā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb 'thus/in that manner'
taiḥby them
taiḥ:
Kartṛ-karaṇa (कर्तृकरणम्)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3), Plural; agent: 'by them' (monkey leaders)
sampradharṣitāḥill-treated
sampradharṣitāḥ:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa / Bhāva (भावे)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-pra-√dhṛṣ (धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine Nominative Plural; 'thoroughly harassed/ill-treated'
vārayantaḥrestraining
vārayantaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (participial)
TypeVerb
Root√vṛ (धातु)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine Nominative Plural; 'restraining/trying to stop'
vanātfrom the grove
vanāt:
Apādāna (अपादानम्)
TypeNoun
Rootvana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Ablative (पञ्चमी/5), Singular; 'from the grove'
tasmātfrom that
tasmāt:
Apādāna (अपादानम्)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter/Masculine, Ablative (5), Singular; refers to vana: 'from that'
kruddhaiḥby angry
kruddhaiḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootkruddha (प्रातिपदिक; PPP of √krudh)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3), Plural; modifies vānarapuṅgavaiḥ
vānarapuṅgavaiḥby monkey leaders
vānarapuṅgavaiḥ:
Kartṛ-karaṇa (कर्तृकरणम्)
TypeNoun
Rootvānara + puṅgava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3), Plural; tatpuruṣa: 'leaders among monkeys'; agent of sampradharṣitāḥ

"When the guards asked the vanaras to leave the garden the enraged vanaras misbehaved with them.

V
Vānaras
M
Madhuvana (the grove/garden)
G
guards (rakṣaḥ/ārakṣakāḥ, implied)

FAQs

Dharma includes restraint and respect for boundaries; anger and a sense of insult can lead to adharma when one responds by harming those performing their duty (the guards).

In Madhuvana, guards attempt to stop the Vānara party from continuing; the Vānara leaders, provoked, retaliate aggressively.

By contrast (through the negative example), the virtue emphasized is self-control (dama) and honoring rightful authority and property.