Valmiki Ramayana 2.42.5: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 42, Shloka 5

द्विचत्वारिंशः सर्गः — दशरथस्य शोक-विलापः तथा कौशल्यागृह-प्रवेशः

Dasaratha’s Lament and Return to Kausalya’s Apartments

Devanagari script

तां नयेन च सम्पन्नो धर्मेण विनयेन च।उवाच राजा कैकेयीं समीक्ष्य व्यथितेन्द्रियः।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.42.5

Transliteration

tāṃ nayena ca sampanno dharmeṇa vinayena ca | uvāca rājā kaikeyīṃ samīkṣya vyathitendriyaḥ ||

Translation

नयधर्मविनयसम्पन्नो राजा, व्यथितेन्द्रियः कैकेयीं समीक्ष्य तामुवाच॥

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Word by Word

• tām: her
• tām: Karma (कर्म) of "uvāca"
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• nayena: with good conduct/rectitude
• nayena: Sahakāri/Guṇa (सहकारी/गुण) with "sampannaḥ"
• Type: Noun
• Root: naya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sam uccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable (अव्यय); conjunction

• sampannaḥ: endowed
• sampannaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of "rājā"
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sampanna (कृदन्त; sam + √pad (पद्), क्त)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); PPP (क्त) used adjectivally

• dharmeṇa: with righteousness
• dharmeṇa: Sahakāri/Guṇa (सहकारी/गुण) with "sampannaḥ"
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vinayena: with humility
• vinayena: Sahakāri/Guṇa (सहकारी/गुण) with "sampannaḥ"
• Type: Noun
• Root: vinaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sam uccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable (अव्यय); conjunction

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (वच्)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada

• rājā: the king
• rājā: Karta (कर्ता) of "uvāca"
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• kaikeyīm: Kaikeyi
• kaikeyīm: Karma (कर्म) of "uvāca" (same as "tām")
• Type: Noun
• Root: kaikeyī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• samīkṣya: having looked at
• samīkṣya: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण) to "uvāca"
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam + √īkṣ (ईक्ष्)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्); indeclinable verbal form

• vyathita-indriyaḥ: with distressed senses
• vyathita-indriyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of "rājā"
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vyathita (कृदन्त; √vyath (व्यथ्), क्त) + indriya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); karmadhāraya: "pained" + "senses"

Context

The valiant maharaja looked around that palace, lifted up his arms and shouted in a loud voice, Oh scion of the Raghus (Rama)! you have forsaken me.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Kaikeyī

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Even in personal devastation, the king is characterized by dharma and vinaya (humility). The verse highlights the ideal that inner virtue remains a standard, even when emotions are overwhelmed.

What is the narrative situation?

Daśaratha, tormented after Rāma’s exile, turns to Kaikeyī and begins to address her, his composure strained by grief.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Daśaratha’s moral formation—naya, dharma, and humility—contrasted with his present emotional collapse.