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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 13, Shloka 14

अयोध्याकाण्डे त्रयोदशः सर्गः | Kaikeyi Presses the Boons; Dasaratha’s Lament and Collapse

तथा विलपतस्तस्य परिभ्रमितचेतसः।।।।अस्तमभ्यगमत्सूर्यो रजनी चाभ्यवर्तत।

tathā vilapatas tasya paribhramitacetasaḥ |

astam abhyagamāt sūryo rajanī cābhyavartata |

एवं विलपतः तस्य परिभ्रमितचेतसः सूर्यः अस्तम् अभ्यगमत्, रजनी चाभ्यवर्तत।

tathāthus; in that way
tathā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय)
vilapataḥof (him) lamenting
vilapataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeVerb
Rootvilap (वि + लप् धातु)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ/वर्तमान-कृदन्त), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); masculine/neuter gen. sg. form; ‘of (him) lamenting’
tasyaof him
tasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormGenitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
paribhramita-cetasaḥof one whose mind was bewildered
paribhramita-cetasaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpari + bhram (भ्रम् धातु) + cetas (चेतस् प्रातिपदिक)
FormGenitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); bahuvrīhi-like sense ‘whose mind is whirled’, but formally a tatpuruṣa with kr̥danta qualifier; agrees with tasya
astamto setting; to the west
astam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootasta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); ‘to setting (place)’
abhyagamatwent; approached
abhyagamat:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootgam (गम् धातु) with abhi-
FormAorist (लुङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada
sūryaḥthe sun
sūryaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsūrya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
rajanīnight
rajanī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrajanī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय)
abhyavartatacame on; set in
abhyavartata:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvṛt (वृत् धातु) with abhi-
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); ātmanepada

While Dasaratha was thus lamenting with a distracted mind, the Sun set and night fell.

D
Daśaratha
S
Sun
N
Night

FAQs

The verse frames a dharma-crisis through the movement of time: when duty and truth are under strain, inner turmoil can eclipse clarity, symbolized by day giving way to night.

Daśaratha continues grieving; the narration marks the passage from day to night during his prolonged lament.

Not a virtue but a human vulnerability: the king’s shaken composure under unbearable moral and emotional pressure.