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Shloka 57

Expansion of Creation through Dakṣa and Kaśyapa: Devas, Dānavas, Nāgas, Birds, and Cosmic Offices

अवध्या ये नराणां वै हिरण्यपुरवासिनः । चतुर्मुखाल्लब्धवरा ये हता विजयेन तु

avadhyā ye narāṇāṃ vai hiraṇyapuravāsinaḥ | caturmukhāllabdhavarā ye hatā vijayena tu

अवध्याः ये नराणां वै हिरण्यपुरवासिनः । चतुर्मुखात् लब्धवराः, तेऽपि विजयेन हता अभवन् ॥

अवध्याःinvincible/not to be slain
अवध्याः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअवध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Plural; विशेषण
येwho
ये:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन — Pronoun, Nominative, Plural
नराणाम्of men
नराणाम्:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन — Masculine, Genitive, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
Discourse particle
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphatic particle)
हिरण्यपुरवासिनःdwellers of Hiraṇyapura
हिरण्यपुरवासिनः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootहिरण्यपुर (प्रातिपदिक) + वासिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Plural; सप्तमी-तत्पुरुष (हिरण्यपुरे वासिनः = dwellers in Hiraṇyapura)
चतुर्मुखात्from the four-faced (Brahmā)
चतुर्मुखात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootचतुर्मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन — Masculine, Ablative, Singular; कर्मधारय (चत्वारि मुखानि यस्य)
लब्धवराःhaving obtained boons
लब्धवराः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootलब्ध (कृदन्त; √लभ् धातु, क्त) + वर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Plural; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle) + तत्पुरुष (वरं लब्धाः)
येwho
ये:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन — Pronoun, Nominative, Plural
हताःwere slain
हताः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootहत (कृदन्त; √हन् धातु, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Plural; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle)
विजयेनby Vijaya
विजयेन:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootविजय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन — Masculine, Instrumental, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Discourse particle
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/अन्वयार्थक-निपात (particle: but/indeed)

Unknown (narrative voice; speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Type: city

Sandhi Resolution Notes: चतुर्मुखाल्लब्धवरा = चतुर्मुखात् + लब्धवराः; हिरण्यपुरवासिनः (समास): हिरण्यपुर + वासिनः

B
Brahmā (Caturmukha)
V
Vijaya
H
Hiraṇyapura

FAQs

The verse implies a conditional protection—invincible to ordinary men—yet they can still fall to an exceptional agent (Vijaya), suggesting the limitation or specificity of boons in Purāṇic logic.

Caturmukha (“four-faced”) is an epithet of Brahmā, the creator deity, from whom these beings received their boons.

Power secured through boons or privileges is not absolute; it can be overturned by higher destiny, divine will, or a superior force—highlighting the impermanence of dominance based on external grants.