Shloka 19

Adhyaya 77 — Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

Sanskrit

बान्धवेषु चिरं वासो नारीणां न यशस्करः ।

मनोरथो बान्धवानां नार्या भर्तृगृहे स्थितिः ॥

Transliteration

bāndhaveṣu ciraṃ vāso nārīṇāṃ na yaśaskaraḥ / manoratho bāndhavānāṃ nāryā bhartṛgṛhe sthitiḥ

Translation

स्वकीयबान्धवेषु स्त्रीणां दीर्घकालवासनं कीर्तिवर्धनं न भवति; बान्धवानां तु कामना यत् सा पतिगृहे एव वसेत्।

Word by Word

• बान्धवेषु: among/at (her) relatives
• बान्धवेषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बान्धव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/सप्तमी), बहुवचन; अधिकरण (locative)

• चिरम्: for a long time
• चिरम्: Kala-adhikarana (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चिरम् (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक-नपुंसक)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of time)

• वासः: dwelling/residence
• वासः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; भाववाचक संज्ञा

• नारीणाम्: of women
• नारीणाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नारी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; सम्बन्ध (genitive)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय (negative particle)

• यशस्करः: fame-producing
• यशस्करः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यशस् + कर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (यशसः करः = producing fame); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (predicate adjective)

• मनोरथः: the wish/desire
• मनोरथः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनोरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विषय/अभिप्रायवाचक

• बान्धवानाम्: of the relatives
• बान्धवानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बान्धव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन; सम्बन्ध

• नार्याः: of the woman
• नार्याः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नारी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध

• भर्तृगृहे: in the husband’s house
• भर्तृगृहे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भर्तृ + गृह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (भर्तुः गृहम्); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; अधिकरण

• स्थितिः: abiding/residence
• स्थितिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्थिति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; भाववाचक

Speakers

• Tvaṣṭṛ advising his daughter (narrated by Mārkaṇḍeya)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Tvaṣṭṛ/Viśvakarman

Key Themes

• Dharma (social)
• Gṛhastha norms
• Reputation (yaśas)
• Kinship expectations

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text articulates a classical social-dharma norm: stability of household order is prioritized over natal attachment. (As with many Purāṇic passages, this reflects its historical social ethic rather than a universal rule for all contexts.)

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/ācāra instruction embedded in narrative; not directly sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

On an inner reading, ‘husband’s house’ can symbolize the chosen discipline/commitment (niyama) where śakti is meant to be steady, rather than dispersing into familiar comforts.