Shloka 36

Adhyaya 70 — The King Confronts the Rakshasa and Restores the Brahmin’s Wife

Sanskrit

अन्यजन्मनि कस्यापि विप्रयोगः कृतो मया ।

सोऽयं ममाप्युपगतः को दोषोऽस्य महात्मनः ॥

Transliteration

anyajanmani kasyāpi viprayogaḥ kṛto mayā / so 'yaṃ mamāpy upagataḥ ko doṣo 'sya mahātmanaḥ

Translation

अन्यजन्मनि मया कस्यचित् वियोगः कारितः। तस्यैव कर्मफलम् अद्य मय्यपि समुपस्थितम्। अस्य महात्मनः पुरुषस्य किम् अपराधः?

Word by Word

• anya-janmani: in another birth
• anya-janmani: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक) + janman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; तत्पुरुष-समास (विशेषण-विशेष्यभावः): अन्यं जन्म यस्मिन्

• kasya: of someone
• kasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; interrogative pronoun used as relative/indefinite with api

• api: even/indeed/any
• api: N/A (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात) indicating indefiniteness/emphasis

• viprayogaḥ: separation
• viprayogaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) / Bhava (भाव)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viprayoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• kṛtaḥ: done/caused
• kṛtaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Past passive participle (कृत-प्रत्ययान्त/क्त), Masculine, Nominative Singular; agrees with viprayogaḥ

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Karaṇa (करण) / Agent-in-passive (कर्तृ-तृतीया)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular

• saḥ: that (he/it)
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• ayam: this (very one)
• ayam: Karta (कर्ता) (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• mama: of me/my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular

• api: also
• api: N/A (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• upagataḥ: has come/has befallen
• upagataḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa + gam (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Past participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative Singular; predicate of saḥ ayam

• kaḥ: what?
• kaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (in question)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; interrogative

• doṣaḥ: fault
• doṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (in question)
• Type: Noun
• Root: doṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; in apposition to kaḥ

• asya: of this (man)
• asya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular

• mahātmanaḥ: of the great-souled one
• mahātmanaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; कर्मधारय-समास: महाः आत्मा यस्य

Speakers

• King (reflecting on karma; within Markandeya’s narration)

Key Themes

• Karma and retribution
• Personal responsibility
• Justice tempered by insight
• Dharma of rulership

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse articulates karmic reciprocity: harm done to others (here, causing separation) returns to the agent. Ethically, it discourages scapegoating the innocent and urges self-scrutiny before judging others.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily within Manvantara (narrative situated in a manvantara framework) and Dharma-śikṣā through itihāsa-style exemplum; not a sarga/pratisarga passage.

What is the esoteric significance?

Separation (viprayoga) symbolizes the soul’s self-made alienation from harmony; the ‘return’ of the act indicates the inescapable mirroring law of action and consequence, urging inner purification rather than outward blame.