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Shloka 19

Adhyaya 65Svarocis Enjoys on the Mountain; A Debate on Marital Fidelity and Desire

सर्वसत्त्वृतज्ञोऽसौ स्वरोचिरपराजितः ।

निशम्य लज्जितो दध्यौ सत्यमेव हि नानृतम् ॥

sarvasattvarutajño 'sau svarociraparājitaḥ |

niśamya lajjito dadhyau satyam eva hi nānṛtam ||

स सर्वभूतानां रुतज्ञः, स्वरॊच्या पराभूतः सन्, तद् श्रुत्वा लज्जितोऽभवत्, चिन्तयामास च—“सत्यं खल्वेतत्, न मिथ्या।”

sarva-sattva-ruta-jñaḥknower of the sounds of all creatures
sarva-sattva-ruta-jñaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक) + sattva (प्रातिपदिक) + ruta (प्रातिपदिक) + jña (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: सर्वेषां सत्त्वानां रुतं (स्वरं) जानाति इति = 'knower of the cries/voices of all beings'
asauhe
asau:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootadas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
sva-rocira-parājitaḥovercome by his own desire
sva-rocira-parājitaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsva (प्रातिपदिक) + rocira (प्रातिपदिक) + parājita (प्रातिपदिक; para-√ji (जि धातु) से क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: स्वस्य रोचिरेण (स्व-रुच्या) पराजितः = 'defeated by his own liking/attraction'
niśamyahaving heard
niśamya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootni-√śam (शम् धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund/absolutive): 'having heard/considered'
lajjitaḥashamed
lajjitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootlajjita (प्रातिपदिक; √lajj (लज्ज् धातु) से क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP)
dadhyaureflected/pondered
dadhyau:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dhyai (ध्यै धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
satyamtruth
satyam:
Karma (कर्म/content)
TypeNoun
Rootsatya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
evaonly/indeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय
anṛtamfalsehood
anṛtam:
Karma (कर्म/content)
TypeNoun
Rootanṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
Narrative voice describing a character’s internal realization (exact identities not fully recoverable from provided excerpt alone)
DharmaTruth (satya)Moral awakeningShame as conscience

FAQs

Moral correction begins when one can still feel shame and accept truth. The verse frames conscience as a cognitive event: hearing a rebuke, reflecting, and assenting to satya.

Not pañcalakṣaṇa; it is ethical narrative (vaṃśānucarita-style storytelling may surround it, but this line itself is nīti-dharma).

‘Knowing all creatures’ cries’ suggests heightened sensitivity; yet being ‘overcome’ indicates that knowledge without self-mastery fails. Satya is presented as the restoring principle.