Shloka 18

Adhyaya 65 — Svarocis Enjoys on the Mountain; A Debate on Marital Fidelity and Desire

Sanskrit

कलहंसि ! पतिर्धन्यो मम धन्याहमेव च ।

यस्यैकस्याञ्चिरं चित्तं यस्याश्चैकत्र संस्थितम् ॥

Transliteration

kalahaṃsi! patir dhanyo mama dhanyāham eva ca |

yasyaikasyāñ ciraṃ cittaṃ yasyāś caikatra saṃsthitam ||

Translation

हे हंसि! धन्यो मे पतिः, धन्या चाहम् अपि; तस्य मनः चिरं एकस्मिन्नेव निबद्धं, तस्याश्च (मम) अपि मनः एकत्रैव प्रतिष्ठितम्।

Word by Word

• kalahaṃsi: O she-goose (term of address)
• kalahaṃsi: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kalahaṃsī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन

• patiḥ: husband
• patiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• dhanyaḥ: fortunate/blessed
• dhanyaḥ: Pradhāna-viśeṣaṇa (प्रधाना-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dhanya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

• mama: my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (Gen.), एकवचन; अस्मद्-शब्द (1st person pronoun)

• dhanyā: fortunate/blessed
• dhanyā: Pradhāna-viśeṣaṇa (प्रधाना-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dhanyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन; अस्मद्-शब्द

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय (emphasis)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• yasya: whose
• yasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी (Gen.), एकवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम

• ekasyām: in one (woman)
• ekasyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: eka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Loc.), एकवचन; विशेषण (understood: 'in one [woman]')

• ciram: for a long time
• ciram: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: cira (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय (adverb of time)

• cittam: mind
• cittam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: citta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• yasyāḥ: whose (woman's)
• yasyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Gen.), एकवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• ekatra: in one place/together
• ekatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ekatra (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक अव्यय (adverb of place: 'in one place/together')

• saṃsthitam: is fixed/settled
• saṃsthitam: Pradhāna (प्रधाना/predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃsthita (प्रातिपदिक; sam-√sthā (स्था धातु) से क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP)

Speakers

• A female swan addressing another (‘kalahaṃsī’) within an illustrative sub-narrative

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhakti", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Marital fidelity
• Ekaniṣṭhā (single-pointedness)
• Virtue ethics

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Mutual exclusivity and steadiness of mind are praised as the basis of a flourishing household: fortune is defined as reciprocal commitment, not abundance of options.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Not pañcalakṣaṇa; it is ācāra-dharma expressed through exemplum (illustrative animal speech).

What is the esoteric significance?

The swan motif often connotes discernment; here it also encodes the yogic virtue of steadiness—when desire is one-pointed and reciprocal, agitation subsides.