Shloka 35

Adhyaya 57 — The Ninefold Divisions of Bharata: Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

Sanskrit

गोवर्धनं पुरं रम्यं भार्गवस्य महात्मनः ।

वाह्लीका वाटधानाश्च आभीराः कालतोयकाः ॥

Transliteration

govardhanaṃ puraṃ ramyaṃ bhārgavasya mahātmanaḥ /

vāhlīkā vāṭadhānāś ca ābhīrāḥ kālatoyakāḥ //

Translation

गोवर्धनं महात्मनो भार्गवस्य वंशस्य रम्या पुरी। वाहीकाः, वाटधानाः, आभीराः, कालतोयकाः च (उक्ताः)।

Word by Word

• govardhanam: Govardhana
• govardhanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: govardhana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; place-name as object/apposition to puram

• puram: city
• puram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• ramyam: beautiful
• ramyam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ramya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular; adjective qualifying puram

• bhārgavasya: of Bhārgava
• bhārgavasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhārgava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• mahātmanaḥ: of the great-souled one
• mahātmanaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular; in apposition to bhārgavasya

• vāhlīkāḥ: Vāhlīkas
• vāhlīkāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāhlīka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; proper name (people)

• vāṭadhānāḥ: Vāṭadhānas
• vāṭadhānāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāṭadhāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; proper name (people)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• ābhīrāḥ: Ābhīras
• ābhīrāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ābhīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; proper name (people)

• kālatoyakāḥ: Kālatoyakas
• kālatoyakāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक) + toyaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; proper name/group (lit. ‘having dark waters’)

Speakers

• Catalogue narration (speaker not determinable from excerpt alone)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Place-names
• Ethnography
• Bhārgava associations

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text links land with lineage and memory: places are not merely physical, but carriers of dharma through ancestral associations (here, Bhārgava).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Closest to vaṁśa/vaṁśānucarita only insofar as it references a lineage (Bhārgava), but the passage itself remains primarily geographical/ethnographic.

What is the esoteric significance?

A ‘beautiful city’ tied to a revered lineage can symbolize the cultivated inner city (pura) of virtues, built upon ancestral wisdom (paramparā).