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Shloka 56

Adhyaya 45Jaimini’s Cosmological Questions and the Opening of Markandeya’s Account of Primary Creation

संहता गन्धमात्रेण आवृण्वंस्ते महीमिमाम् ।

तस्मात् पञ्चगुणा भूमिः स्थूला भूतेषु दृश्यते ॥

saṃhatā gandhamātreṇa āvṛṇvaṃste mahīmimām / tasmāt pañcaguṇā bhūmiḥ sthūlā bhūteṣu dṛśyate

गन्धमात्रेण संहते ते पृथिवीम् इमां छादयामासुः। तस्मात् पृथिवी पञ्चगुणा, भूतानां मध्ये स्थूलतमा दृश्यते।

saṃhatāḥcompacted; united
saṃhatāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootsam + han (धातु) + ta (कृत्)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine Nominative Plural; ‘compacted/combined’ (agreeing with te)
gandha-mātreṇaby smell alone
gandha-mātreṇa:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootgandha + mātra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental (तृतीया) Singular; tatpuruṣa ‘by smell alone/only odor’
āvṛṇvancovering; enveloping
āvṛṇvan:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Participial predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootā + vṛ (धातु) + śatṛ (कृत्)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine Nominative Plural; ‘covering/enveloping’ (agreeing with te)
tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural; ‘they’ (referring to earth-particles/qualities)
mahīmthe earth
mahīm:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootmahī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular
imāmthis
imām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular; demonstrative qualifying mahīm
tasmāttherefore
tasmāt:
Hetu (हेतु/Reason)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAblative sense used adverbially: ‘therefore/from that’
pañcaguṇāfivefold; having five qualities
pañcaguṇā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootpañca + guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular; dvigu ‘having five qualities’ qualifying bhūmiḥ
bhūmiḥearth
bhūmiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūmi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular
sthūlāgross; solid
sthūlā:
Vidheyaviśeṣaṇa (विधेय-विशेषण/Predicative)
TypeAdjective
Rootsthūla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular; predicate adjective to bhūmiḥ
bhūteṣuamong the elements/beings
bhūteṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter/Masculine, Locative (सप्तमी) Plural; ‘among beings/elements’
dṛśyateis seen; appears
dṛśyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
FormLaṭ (लट्/Present), Ātmanepada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष) Singular; passive/medio-passive sense ‘is seen/appears’
Narrative discourse within cosmological teaching (frame-speaker not explicit in the given excerpt)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

CosmologyEarth elementFive sensory qualitiesMaterial aggregation

FAQs

Earth is ‘gross’ because it contains the full set of sensory qualities (sound, touch, form, taste, smell). The takeaway is epistemic humility: what appears most ‘real’ (solid earth) is actually the most compounded.

Sarga: it specifies the defining mark (smell) and the qualitative completeness (five guṇas) of the earth element in the creation sequence.

Smell here symbolizes fixation and ‘settling’ of consciousness into gross embodiment. In contemplative reversal, loosening attachment to the densest sense (gandha/earthiness) aids subtle inwardness.