Shloka 23

Adhyaya 17 — The Birth of Atri’s Three Sons: Soma, Dattatreya, and Durvasa

Sanskrit

सुरापानरतं ते न सभार्यं तत्यजुस्ततः ।

गीतवाद्यादिवनिताभोगसंसर्गदूषितम् ॥

Transliteration

surāpānarataṃ te na sabhāryaṃ tatyajus tataḥ /

gītavādyādivanitā-bhogasaṃsarga-dūṣitam

Translation

तस्मात् तं न जहुः, यद्यपि स पत्नीको मद्यपानपर इवाभात्—स्त्रीसङ्गेन, गीतवाद्यनृत्योपभोगैश्च संस्पृष्ट इव मलिनः।

Word by Word

• सुरा-पान-रतम्: addicted to drinking liquor
• सुरा-पान-रतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुरा (प्रातिपदिक) + पान (प्रातिपदिक) + रत (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (सुरायाः पानम् इति, तस्मिन् रतः)

• ते: they
• ते: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (सामान्य), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• न: not
• न: Sambandha/Particle (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negative particle)

• स-भार्यम्: together with (his) wife
• स-भार्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (अव्यय/उपसर्गार्थक) + भार्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; अव्ययीभावः—‘स’ (=सहित) + भार्यया

• तत्: him/that one
• तत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• त्यजुः: abandoned
• त्यजुः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्यज् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/परोक्षभूत), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• ततः: thereupon/then
• ततः: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अपादान/काल/क्रमवाचक (thereupon/then)

• गीत-वाद्य-आदि-वनिता-भोग-संसर्ग-दूषितम्: tainted by association with women’s pleasures such as singing and instruments
• गीत-वाद्य-आदि-वनिता-भोग-संसर्ग-दूषितम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गीत (प्रातिपदिक) + वाद्य (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + वनिता (प्रातिपदिक) + भोग (प्रातिपदिक) + संसर्ग (प्रातिपदिक) + दूषित (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; समासः—बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः; ‘गीतवाद्यादि’ इति समाहारः, ‘वनिताभोगसंसर्गेण दूषितम्’

Speakers

• Frame dialogue context (Purāṇic narrator within pitā–putra-saṃvāda); verse describes others’ reaction to a yogin’s conduct

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bibhatsa", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Dharma
• Apparent transgression vs. realization
• Social judgment
• Renunciation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse sets up a common Purāṇic tension: a realized yogin may appear outwardly ‘impure’ (association with drink, music, sensual milieu), yet the narrative cautions against judging spiritual attainment solely by externals.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily Ākhyāna (didactic narrative) used to teach dharma and discernment; not sarga/pratisarga. It functions as an ethical exemplum within the Purāṇic discourse.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Wine, music, women’ can symbolize sense-objects (viṣaya). The point is not indulgence as an ideal, but the claim of inner non-attachment (asaṅga) and yogic steadiness even amid stimuli—an asserted mark of mastery.