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Shloka 8

Adhyaya 12The Son Describes the Narakas: Mahāraurava, Tamas, Nikṛntana, Apratiṣṭha, Asipatravana, and Taptakumbha

दह्यमानः पितर्मातर् भ्रातस्तातेति चाकुलः ।

वदत्यसकृदुद्विग्नो न शान्तिमधिगच्छति ॥

dahyamānaḥ pitar-mātar bhrātas-tāteti cākulaḥ /

vadaty asakṛd udvigno na śāntim adhigacchati

दह्यमानो व्याकुलः स पुनः पुनराक्रन्दति—‘तात! अम्ब! भ्रातः! सुत!’ इति; पुनः पुनः क्षोभ्यमाणो न शान्तिं लभते।

dahyamānaḥbeing burned
dahyamānaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Root√dah (दह्) → dahyamāna (कृदन्त)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); present passive participle (शानच्/यमान) meaning 'being burnt'
pitarO father!
pitar:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)
mātarO mother!
mātar:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
TypeNoun
Rootmātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)
bhrātarO brother!
bhrātar:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
TypeNoun
Rootbhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)
tātaO dear one!/O father!
tāta:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
TypeNoun
Roottāta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)
itithus
iti:
Vakyaparicchedaka (वाक्यपरिच्छेदक/Quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (इति-प्रयोग) marking reported speech
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction particle (समुच्चय-अव्यय)
ākulaḥagitated, distressed
ākulaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootākula (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying the implied 'saḥ'
vadatispeaks, cries out
vadati:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√vad (वद्)
FormPresent tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
asakṛtagain and again
asakṛt:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootasakṛt (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (पुनरुक्ति/आवृत्ति-वाचक-अव्यय)
udvignaḥterrified, anxious
udvignaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootudvigna (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); 'anxious, alarmed'
nanot
na:
Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध-अव्यय)
śāntimpeace, calm
śāntim:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootśānti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
adhigacchatiattains, reaches
adhigacchati:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootadhi-√gam (गम्)
FormPresent tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
Unspecified in provided excerpt

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Karma-phalaSufferingAttachmentNaraka

FAQs

At the time of consequence, worldly relations cannot rescue one; therefore one should cultivate dharma and inner discipline rather than relying on social identity.

Moral exhortation embedded in narrative cosmography; ancillary teaching rather than one of the five defining purāṇic characteristics.

Calling out to family names indicates clinging (rāga) at the moment of pain; the verse portrays how attachment intensifies suffering when the supports of identity collapse.