Shloka 21
Adhyaya 12 — The Son Describes the Narakas: Mahāraurava, Tamas, Nikṛntana, Apratiṣṭha, Asipatravana, and Taptakumbha
दुःखस्य हेतुभूतानि पापकर्मकृतां नृणाम् ।
चक्रेष्वारोपिताः केचिद् भ्राम्यन्ते तत्र मानवाः ॥
duḥkhasya hetubhūtāni pāpakarma-kṛtāṃ nṛṇām /
cakreṣv āropitāḥ kecid bhrāmyante tatra mānavāḥ
पापकर्मकृतां नराणां दुःखहेतवः सन्ति, ये क्लेशाधारतां यान्ति। केचिन्नराः चक्रारूढाः तत्र भ्रमन्ति।
{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }
FAQs
Suffering has identifiable causes (hetu): pāpa-karma is presented as the root. The verse encourages reflective ethics—trace pain back to actions and correct conduct at its source.
Dharma instruction via karmaphala narrative; supportive cosmological-ethical content.
‘Mounted on wheels’ can signify being carried by compulsions. When actions are unexamined, one is ‘ridden’ by karma rather than riding it through discernment (viveka).