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Shloka 263

Cakravyūha-saṃkalpaḥ, Saṃśaptaka-āhvānaṃ, Saubhadra-vikrīḍitam

Drona Parva, Adhyāya 32

अतीतेषुपथे काले जहार गदया शिर: । किसी वीरने अपने चक्रके द्वारा शत्रुपक्षीय वीरके चक्रका निवारण करके युद्धमें बाणप्रहारके योग्य अवसर न होनेके कारण गदासे ही उसका सिर उड़ा दिया

atīteṣu-pathe kāle jahāra gadayā śiraḥ |

सञ्जय उवाच—अतीतेषु पथे काले जहार गदया शिरः। चक्रेण चक्रं निवार्य, बाणप्रहारेऽवकाशाभावे, गदया तस्य शिरः समच्छिनत्।

अतीतेषुwhen (they were) past/elapsed
अतीतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअतीत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
पथेon the path/way
पथे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपथ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कालेat the time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
जहारhe took away / carried off
जहार:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootहृ
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular
गदयाwith a mace
गदया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगदा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
शिरःthe head
शिरः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
G
gadā (mace)
Ś
śiraḥ (head)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights battlefield pragmatism under kāla (the pressure of time): when one method (arrow-strike) is no longer feasible, a warrior adopts another (mace), reflecting the harsh demands of kṣatriya conduct in war.

Sañjaya reports that, after the opportunity for an arrow-attack had passed, the combatant used a mace to cut off the opponent’s head, indicating a decisive close-quarters finish.